Diversity Training Needs Assessment - 1822 Words

Completing a Needs Assessment for Diversity Training In the 1980s, diversity training mainly consisted of training people to be aware of differences in gender and race in the workplace, and by the 1990s, diversity training was at the forefront of innovative training for business managers, addressing such issues as age, sexual orientation, ethnic background, and religion (Koonce, 2001, para 45). According to Dr. Elaine K. Miller of the College of Business at Colorado State University, there is a driving force behind the push to embrace diversity in a business organization: The changing US demographics, increasing globalization of business and pursuit of effective competition make it imperative for companies to implement programs for†¦show more content†¦One indicator is the diversity of the workforce within that particular organization, which can be complicated when skilled managers are brought in from outside to manage an organization with employees that may have a different culture. Corporate and independent diversity trainers say that the need for diversity programs is escalating. As companies expand their operations overseas and into new markets, theres a need to tap resident employee and leadership talent in those markets. Global sourcing of leaders is poised to become the next big leadership development trendÂ… (Koonce, 2001, para 15). Another reason that diversity training may be needed in an organization is when there are obvious gaps in understanding between different people, caused by a variety of factors such as gender, age, race, ethnicity, or any other discriminating factor. For example, are there cliques that have formed in the franchise along gender, age, racial or ethnic lines? Or is there simply no diversity in the organization, and are you trying to attract more diverse employees? All of these situations are examples of organizations in which diversity training can be of great help to managers and employees alike. Key Players in Diversity Training There are many possible key players in diversity training. In the case of a McDonalds franchise, the franchise owner probably has the largest stake in success of that organization. Therefore, it would be important for the franchise owner toShow MoreRelatedBusiness Economic1655 Words   |  7 PagesAssignment: Learner information OCR Level 3 Health and Social Care Unit 2: Equality, Diversity and Rights in Health and Social Care Assessor: Important Dates | |Assessment Criteria |Issue Date |Formative Assessment |Summative Assessment | |Task 1 |P1, M1 and D1 | | | | Read MoreThe Importance of Managing Diversity906 Words   |  4 PagesDiversity Managing Diversity â€Å"Diversity can be considered and dimension that differentiates a person from another† (Noe, p 432). Diversity brings considerable benefits. Decision making and improved problem solving are great examples of what diversity can help with. Diversity also brings greater creativity and innovation, which leads to better product development; and more successful marketing to different types of customers. Diversity provides organizations with the ability to competeRead MoreUnit 21672 Words   |  7 PagesAssignment: Learner information OCR Level 3 Health and Social Care Unit 2: Equality, Diversity and Rights in Health and Social Care Assessor: Important Dates | |Assessment Criteria |Issue Date |Formative Assessment |Summative Assessment | |Task 1 |P1, M1 and D1 | | | | Read MoreOrganizational Behaviour the Pros and Cons.1634 Words   |  7 PagesElements of successful organizational diversity Management. Why is organizational diversity important? Historically, diversity in the workplace has been recognized as an employment equity issue. Now, however, diversity in the workplace is being recognized as a benefit that will contribute to an organizations bottom line. Increased employee and customer satisfaction end up as increased productivity, all of which are measurable outcomes (Goff, 1998). Diversity goes beyond employment equity toRead MoreCross Cultural Leadership And Diversity975 Words   |  4 PagesA511.8.4.CM - Leadership Concept Map Chapters 14 Cross-cultural Leadership and Diversity Globalization and changing demographic patterns are making it more important for leaders to understand how to influence and manage people with different values, beliefs, and expectations. There has been more leadership research on cross†cultural aspects and gender differences than on other types of diversity (Ospina Foldy, 2009). Importance of Cross-cultural Research Leaders must also be able to understandRead MoreDiscrimination and Young People706 Words   |  3 Pages2010 Title Promote equality, diversity and inclusion in work with children and young people 3 2 Assessment criteria The learner can: 1.1 Identify the current legislation and codes of practice relevant to the promotion of equality and valuing of diversity 1.2 Explain the importance of promoting the rights of all children and young people to participation and equality of access 1.3 Explain the importance and benefits of valuing and promoting cultural diversity in work with children and young peopleRead MoreGallery Place Plaza And Maritime Plaza1259 Words   |  6 PagesCenters were created to encourage and support not only local hiring, but also to serve as a resource for hundreds of construction contractors, subcontractors, service contractors and supplier to market their hiring needs as well as have space to provide resources, conduct interviews, assessments, and hiring events. The main Job Center at Blue Plains was also created with the intent of serving as a compliance hub from which LSCâ₠¬â„¢s team of Compliance Officers monitor and manage not only employment complianceRead MoreCultural Influences On The Health Care Delivery System1482 Words   |  6 Pages(Riegelman, Kirkwood, 2015). These diversities influence patient interactions in the health care delivery system. Consequently, cultural influences have led to various disparities in healthcare. A culturally competent healthcare organization is one that recognizes the influences of culture and the subsequent disparities created. These organizations have focused efforts which tailor their delivery of care in order to meet the cultural, social, and linguistic needs of their patients (Purnell et alRead MoreThe Cultural Diversity Self Assessment811 Words   |  4 Pagesof excellence, improvements can be made by continued education and awareness. Awareness of areas I need growth in builds on my existing knowledge and skills. In this paper, I will identify areas of weaknesses and strengths in my cultural competency skills as well as strategies that will improve my transcultural nursing care. I have identified these areas using the Cultural Diversity Self-Assessment. Achieving a total score of 104, this tool has allowed me to target my weaknesses and create a planRead MoreEmployee Development Process For Loving Shepherd Early Learning Center1195 Words   |  5 Pagesright pe rson for the job is only the first step in ensuring that the person you have hired will be successful in your organization. Providing orientation, training and development, and a job performance appraisal is imperative in making sure that your employees know what to do, how to do it, and are given every chance to be effective. This assessment will provide a summary of the employee development process for Loving Shepherd Early Learning Center (LSELC), a ministry of Golden Valley Lutheran Church

organizational behavior Essay - 2624 Words

I.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Meaning of Money in the Workplace A.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Money and Employee Needs 1.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Money is an important factor in satisfying individual needs. 2.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Money is a symbol of status, which relates to the innate drive to acquire. 3.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Financial gain symbolizes personal accomplishments and relates to growth needs. 4.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;People value money as a source of feedback and a representation of goal achievement. 5.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Compensation is one of the top three factors attracting individuals to work for an organization. B.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Money Attitudes and Values†¦show more content†¦2.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Also called â€Å"pay for pulse.† 3.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Employees receive either the same wages and benefits, or these financial rewards increase with years of service. 4.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Attract job applicants with security needs, reduce stress, and sometimes improve loyalty. 5.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;They do not directly motivate job performance. 6.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;They discourage poor performers from seeking out work better suited to their abilities. 7.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Some of these rewards undermine job performance by creating continuance commitment. B.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Job Status-Based Rewards 1.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Job evaluation is commonly used to rate the worth or status of each job, with higher pay rates going to jobs that require more skill and effort, have more responsibility, and have more difficult working conditions. 2.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Organizations that don’t rely on job evaluation indirectly reward job status based on surveys estimating what other companies pay for specific jobs. 3.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Job status-based pay motivates employees to compete for promotions and tries to make pay levels fair across different jobs (called internal equity). 4.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;One concern is that rewarding people for the worth of their jobs is inconsistent with theShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Citizenship Behavior4841 Words   |  20 PagesTable of contents: Page # 1. Literature Review 1 1.1. What are Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (OCBs) 1 1.2. OCB and its link with Organization 3 1.3. 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Bonnie CJA444 June 5, 2014 Eddie Gordon Organizational Behavior Organizational behavior is the study of how employee’s behavior interacts within an agency’s work environment. It includes many subjects which include sociology, communication, psychology, and management. Its primary purpose is to review and report in the ever expanding study in criminal justice organizational behavior areas in the workforce. This discussion focuses on the forces of change andRead MoreEssay Organizational Behavior1057 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational Behavior Organizational behavior: Organizational behavior refers to the attitudes and behavior of the individuals in the organization. Organizational behavior is a inter-disciplinary field of study that draws from many of the behavioral sciences. 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There is many different definitions of organizational behavior, but they are all relatively the same in all cases. â€Å"Organizational behavior studies organizations from multiple viewpoints, including behavior within the organization and in relation to other organizations (Boundless.com).† This is not just the study o n one organization, but the study withinRead MoreOrganizational Behavior : Organization Behavior2093 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Organization behavior is the study and application of information regarding how an individual or group of people within an organization behaves. According to John Schermerhorn author of the book Organizational Behavior Twelfth Edition, organizational behavior is the key characteristic used to maintain and enhance interaction levels amongst employees within a company (Schermerhorn, 2011). There are additional characteristics such as leadership, openness to confer in relation to issuesRead MoreOrganizational Behavior And Organizational Behaviour1644 Words   |  7 PagesThe above drawn figure shows about organisational behaviour. It highlights the bonding among human behaviour in organizational settings, the individual - organization interface, the organization, the environment surrounding the organization. In an organization each and every individual brings its own experience, managerial and effective skills. Classical Organizational theory:- Popovich (2010) said that in this theory, the concentration mainly goes in how an organization can be structured inRead MoreOrganizational behavior1577 Words   |  7 PagesOrganizational Behavior: An Analysis of Helm Fire and Rescue Company Introduction Organizational Behavior is referred to as the study of individuals and their relative behavior subject to the existing organizational environment. The concept applies in a diverse workplace setting in different ways and had diverse impacts to the organization. Organizational behavior field includes communication, sociology, psychology, and management. The concept is subject to both internal and external factors affectingRead MoreOrganizational Behavior5621 Words   |  23 PagesChapter 1 - The Field of Organizational Behavior Multiple Choice Questions 1. Pharmacia is an example of a company that: a. experienced culture clashes as a result of a merger. b. ignored technological advances to its harm. c. is a great employer in terms of human resources, but an unprofitable company. d. focused on balance sheets rather than human resources. Answer a Page 2 2. _____ is a structured social system consisting of groups and individuals working together toRead MoreOrganizational Behavior And Organisational Behavior2512 Words   |  11 PagesNowadays with the new millennium speeding towards us and competitive advantage more rapidly than ever, organisational behavior is one of the most direct relevance study for deeper understanding of management context. Indeed, it’s about how people organised and managed at work, which contains the study of leadership, motivation and organisational design to examine human behaviour in relation to various psychological, social and political conditions. The purpose of study this subject from regulatory

Global Marketing and Advertising Understanding Cultural Paradoxes

Question: Discuss about the Global Marketing and Advertising : Understanding Cultural Paradoxes. Answer: Introduction Walmart is a global retail corporation founded by Sam Walton in the United States in 1962. The company is a retailing behemoth having over 10,000 stores of different sizes spread all across the globe. It operates under different names like ASDA in UK and Best price in India. It sells goods manufactured by major companies as well as its own flagship products and brands. It sells everything from daily needs items like grocery, soaps, toiletries , clothes , footwear and also a whole range of electronic goods like TV, washing machines etc. In this report we are going to discuss its marketing plan for one of its newly launched furniture product, the LYNK double bunk beds for kids (Freng et al.2011). It is a novel product that is expected to be received well by the customers due to its appeal and utilities like saving space and serving as a source of entertainment for the kids. The product is going to be sold both in brick and mortar retail stores as well as online. Business situational analysis The external market environment for this product would be analysed with the help of the PESTEL tool as follows Political The proposed bunk bed would be made of moulded plastic and the government of UK is giving incentives to those furniture makers who use alternatives other than wood (Kumarand Rajan 2012.). The UK government is giving incentives to the retail industry as the consumer sentiments are high after a period of successive recessions in the last 6-7 years. It hopes that activities of the retail industry would be the first to revive the economy as disposable incomes of families have started to rise and it also generates employment Also the government of UK is sponsoring a skilling and development program and hence talented designers and carpenters would be available for expansion of the market (Morgan et al.2012). Economic After the Brexit referendum consumer sentiments are up and the UK economy is looking up once again. The Bank of England has announced a rate cut and hence the people of the country would have more disposable income to spend on furniture and home decor products The retailing industry is booming once again in the UK and the nation has added over 100000 new jobs in the past one or two years giving the people additional income to spend on niche products (Ashley et al.2011) Social As housing prices have soared people are buying smaller homes which mean less space for their kids and family members. Hence the prospect of a compact bunked bed for kids is a good and innovative idea in the furniture retail segment People having two or more kids can purchase this product as they would serve as a source of entertainment and play for preschool kids. Technology The product would be made of moulded plastic and hence completely safe for kids. There are no sharp edges and bed as a strong ladder and railings on the side to prevent kids from falling down. New innovation in plastics industry has made it possible for manufacturing this product at much less price than its wooden counterpart. Hence this product would be affordable by many households (Hollensen 2015). There is enough facility in the UK for the manufacture of this product and the company has set up a new furniture division to compete with other brands like IKEA. Environmental Though this product is made of moulded plastic and is non bio degradable it saves wood of trees and hence considered environment friendly. The government of UK is giving incentives to the furniture companies who adopt green technology and building materials. Legal Different health and safety concerns of the plastics raw material and processing has been adopted by the company to ensure that its complies with rules and regulations of UK The product has been tested for its strength and achieved the quality and safety standards of UK (Huang and Sarigll 2014) The micro environment would be now studied with the help of Porters five forces. Bargaining power of suppliers The company is planning to source the plastic material from local suppliers and since there are many such suppliers their bargaining power would be low The moulded plastic proposed for the product is readily available in the UK market and hence there would be no pressure from the supply side (Gordon 2012). Bargaining power of buyers The product is a new one as far as the material and technology is concerned. Most furniture makers who have similar products use wood which increases the cost and makes it heavy to move about. Hence in this regard the product has its own distinct advantages As the product is not made of wood, its price would be low and hence easily affordable by many customers. Thus the bargaining power of the customers is low Threat of substitutes Till now the product has no substitute in the market as most of the bunked beds of other furniture makers are made of wood and are more costly (Raj et al.2013). The design of the product has been patented by Walmart and hence existing companies cannot manufacture the same kind of product with the same material. As far as the quality and make of the product is concerned it has no other alternatives. Threat of new entrants The design and material of the product is such that new entrants couldnt easily replicate its technology and design. Its a two storey bunked bed for kids along with an attached study table. Great source of entertainment and comfort for kids. Saves a lot of space as it can be dismantled by just unlocking the plastic screws with a key (Leonidou et al.2013). The product would be sold both in online and offline mode for ease and convenience of shoppers. As the product is new it would be available for display and sale in the retail outlets of Walmart so that the customers can have a close look at the product before they decide to purchase it. Since the product is not made of wood its price is going to be much lower and hence easily affordable by the common middle class households. The product is also be priced such that customers would not think twice before making the decision to buy (Brei et al.2011) The company is planning to introduce the product in the year ending festive season of 2017 and would also give mattresses and bed linen free for a limited period of time The product would be up for display in the kids section of all major Walmart stores in UK. Product decisions Branding: The product would sell under the generic brand name of LYNK home furniture product. The concept of the brand would derive from the fairy tale style bunked beds found in childrens story books. The brand would also convey the message Save Trees as it is made of moulded plastic which can be moved about easily from one place to another in the house. The value of the brand lies in its easy portability due to its light weight and also it can be dismantled easily by unlocking the plastic screws at the joints (Rawls and Turnquist 2011). Product description: The product is a two storey bunked bed made of plastic along with an attached metal ladder and a study table. The idea of the study table is to make the children take an interest in school work while playing and sleeping in the Bunked bed. The product is easily collapsible by unlocking the plastic screws and bolts at the joints. The product would be packaged with attractive covers using themes from fairy tales The little Red Riding Hood (De Mooij 2013). The product would be painted in bright colours to be attractive to young children. Also contrary to wooden products which need maintenance like polishing and are also heavy this would be a new and novel idea in the furniture market. Positioning strategy: The product would be positioned on the lines of the fairy tale theme where children would sleep in cosy bunked beds giving them the idea as if they are living in a caravan. The advertisements would highlight the salient features like safety and portability as the key selling points of this product (Rosenbloom 2012). The bed linen that would be given free with the product would have comic characters like Mickey mouse as their print. Targeting market: The product would be targeted at pre school kids and would be designed and coloured appropriately to appeal to the senses of young children. The price would be such that it is affordable by the average middle class household of UK. Thus it can be seen that there is enough justification for marketing this product as it would be a instant hit among customers who have known and seen only wooden bunked beds. The product would use modern plastic technology to make it light and easy to assemble and dissemble. Its feature of portability would be additionally highlighted (Menegaki 2012). Product price The company would adopt a fair price pricing strategy since the product is targeted at middle class customers who usually have 2 or more kids in their household. The product would have to compete with already existing wooden bunked beds which cost higher. As a part of its promotion the company would be giving free mattresses and linen to attract customers and hence its price in the beginning would be higher (De Mooij 2013). The company is hoping to gain in the volume of sales achieved rather than sales value of individual units. However if the other competitors come up with a similar product then it has to alter the pricing strategy according to the needs and demands of the situation. Then the company might change into price skimming strategy to counter the effects of competitors pricing model. Since the product is new and no else has a similar product the company is hoping to get the maximum market share initially. The wooden bunk beds sellers might also try to bring down the price by using cheaper materials like plywood and hence the company has change its pricing strategy accordingly. Since the product is much cheaper than similar wooden products its demand would be more or less inelastic in this particular segment (Keller et al.2011). Hence if the company increases the price slightly due to high costs then there would not be much fall in demand. The prices would have to be adapted for variations in how the market receives the product. Also there could not be single price for different geographies. For example in countries where wooden products are freely available it has to lower the price even further and on the other hand where wood is expensive it can price it higher in its own segment as people would not mind paying a little higher for a good substitute product. Distribution strategy Since the product is envisioned and developed by Walmart right from the scratch it would adopt the zero level channel that is manufacturer to consumer. This is easy since the company itself is a retailer. There is no need for middle men and hence there is no need for other channels. The cost of this channel is least and hence the cost benefit could be passed on to customers in the form of competitive prices (Gertner 2011). Also there is no need for a delivery channel as the product is portable and light and could be easily taken away by the customers. The product would be sold in online channels of its own and also others like Amazon due to their popularity. This distribution strategy is suited as per the features and demand of the product as mentioned before. Integrated marketing communication The marketing communication mix would ideally be placed for customers to take notice of the unique selling points of the products. For this advertisements should be placed in childrens books and also lifestyle and home decor magazines so that both the children and their parents could be aware of the existence of the product. The product should also be placed in the toy section of all major Walmart stores to catch the attention of the public. First the parents could be made aware of the product by first giving free samples to play schools and office crches. In this way the parents would come to know about the utility of the product(Menegaki 2012). They could be made aware of the fact that the product is safe for kids and is also very light and portable unlike the wooden product that has long existed in the furniture market and stores. The product could also be marketed on the lines of electronic word of mouth publicity by giving advertisements on social media pages. Attractive graphic pictures of the product could be advertised in billboards outside nursery and kindergarten schools. Personal selling could also be used for handing down brochures and leaflets outside the gates of nursery schools and day care centres around the city. Personal selling could be used to give free demonstrations in homes of people living in the country. The message strategy used to convey the practicality of the product is to highlight its unique advantages over existing wooden bunk beds. Also to appeal to children the beds should be coloured brightly in multi colour patterns (Solomon 2014.). Also the company should choose women sales representatives for the purpose since they are better at communicating the childrens needs and requirements to their parents. The communication channel needs to be more personal than impersonal since it is a childrens product and the parents need to be convinced gradually about the benefits of the product over its wooden counterpart. Thus word of mouth an d social channels should be used as it would give a personal touch to the entire marketing communication process. Conclusion Thus this report has highlighted various aspects of marketing the Walmarts LYNK range of plastic moulded bunk beds. The ideas and proposals given for the marketing planning are cost effective and suited to the unique features of the product. To have a good product is a distinct advantage to the company as it stands out among a flood of mediocre and dull products in the market (Barrett and Weinstein 2015). Hence what remains is to market the product in an effective manner so that the goals of the company of turning it into a best selling product could be achieved and thus it could be used to place the company as a market leader in this segment. The products of the company sell automatically if it is marketed well and this has been proven to be true with many products of successful companies. References Freng Svendsen, M., Haugland, S.A., Grnhaug, K. and Hammervoll, T., 2011. Marketing strategy and customer involvement in product development.European Journal of Marketing,45(4), pp.513-530. Kumar, V. and Rajan, B., 2012. Social coupons as a marketing strategy: a multifaceted perspective.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,40(1), pp.120-136. Morgan, N.A., Katsikeas, C.S. and Vorhies, D.W., 2012. Export marketing strategy implementation, export marketing capabilities, and export venture performance.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,40(2), pp.271-289. Shankar, V., Carpenter, G.S. and Farley, J. eds., 2012.Handbook of marketing strategy. Edward Elgar Publishing. Ashley, C., Noble, S.M., Donthu, N. and Lemon, K.N., 2011. Why customers won't relate: Obstacles to relationship marketing engagement.Journal of Business Research,64(7), pp.749-756. Hollensen, S., 2015.Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Huang, R. and Sarigll, E., 2014. How brand awareness relates to market outcome, brand equity, and the marketing mix. InFashion Branding and Consumer Behaviors(pp. 113-132). Springer New York. Gordon, R., 2012. Re-thinking and re-tooling the social marketing mix.Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ),20(2), pp.122-126. Leonidou, C.N., Katsikeas, C.S. and Morgan, N.A., 2013. Greening the marketing mix: do firms do it and does it pay off?.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,41(2), pp.151-170. Armelini, G. and Villanueva, J., 2011. Adding social media to the marketing mix.IESE insight,9, pp.29-36. Raj, M.P.M., Sasikumar, J. and Sriram, S., 2013. A Study On Customers Brand Preference in Suvs and Muvs: Effect of Marketing Mix Variables.Researchers World,4(1), p.48. Singh, M., 2012. Marketing mix of 4Ps for competitive advantage.Journal of Business and Management,3(6), pp.40-45. Menegaki, A.N., 2012. A social marketing mix for renewable energy in Europe based on consumer stated preference surveys.Renewable Energy,39(1), pp.30-39. Rosenbloom, B., 2012.Marketing channels. Cengage Learning. Armelini, G. and Villanueva, J., 2011. Adding social media to the marketing mix.IESE insight,9, pp.29-36. Brei, V.A., d'Avila, L., Camargo, L.F. and Engels, J., 2011. The influence of adaptation and standardization of the marketing mix on performance: A meta-analysis.BAR-Brazilian Administration Review,8(3), pp.266-287. Barrett, H. and Weinstein, A., 2015. Corporate entrepreneurship, the marketing mix, and business performance. InProceedings of the 1997 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 144-150). Springer International Publishing. Solomon, M.R., 2014.Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being(Vol. 10). Engelwood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Rawls, C.G. and Turnquist, M.A., 2011. Pre-positioning planning for emergency response with service quality constraints.OR spectrum,33(3), pp.481-498. Gertner, D., 2011. Unfolding and configuring two decades of research and publications on place marketing and place branding.Place Branding and Public Diplomacy,7(2), pp.91-106. Keller, K.L., Parameswaran, M.G. and Jacob, I., 2011.Strategic brand management: Building, measuring, and managing brand equity. Pearson Education India. De Mooij, M., 2013.Global marketing and advertising: Understanding cultural paradoxes. Sage Publications.

Platinum Communications

Introduction Advertising is a well designed means of non-personal communication that contains crucial information that is highly persuasive in nature, about companies, goods, services and ideas that is paid for by identified sponsors via diverse forms media such as TV, Newspapers and internet.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Platinum Communications specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Advertising is a critical part of the society and therefore it is important that when advertises design and come up with advertisements companies should aim to design advertisements that are culturally acceptable and within the ethical and moral guidelines ( Koslow Costley 2010,166). There are a numerous aims of advertising but the main aim is to increase revenue streams, the ultimate aim of any organization is to maximize its profitability hence this can only be realized when the advertising increases its sales if it is a commercial o rganization. Additionally advertising also develops visibility of the product and services among the existing consumers and potential consumers, through increasing the awareness of the customers thereby making it easily possible for consumers to adopt the usage of the product being advertised. Advertising is also paramount to developing the image and reputation of an organization and thus knowing this, copy writers and all those who developing advertisements always aim to arouse positive emotions of their target market ( Dahl, 2004, 12-20). During the advertisements companies can manipulate messages in such a way that is most suitable for their target audience. The platinum communications case is a clear instance for which advertisers can be critically analyzed and conclusions drawn to determine whether there was a breach of ethical or moral standards in their part. Advertisements usually aim to educate, inform, remind and persuade consumers or an audience to do something and thus i f advertisers are not careful in designing and customizing their messages then companies which are directly linked to the advertisements may have their reputations damaged and this could prove injurious to their commercial goals (Reese 2000, 36).Advertising Looking for essay on advertising? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Advertising regulatory bodies are institutions which are formed by concerned parties in various advertising industries so that advertisement activities can be easily monitored. Additionally regulatory bodies often are involved in creating a legal and ethical framework upon which participants of the advertising industry can operate within. An advertisement is hence likely to meet its objectives only if it is within the culturally set bounds of the target audience. If an advertisement appears to be somewhat disrespectful to the culture of a particular target market then the outcome of this set of consumers will most likely be hostile (Wang 2005, 66-69). Platinum communications case situation Platinum communications has been forced to withdraw their advertisement and to appear in front of the advertising standards bureau in connection to its telecommunications advertisement which appeared on radio urging motorists to drive safely by using their phones responsibly while driving in order to avoid accidents. The advertisement has been accused to contain a violent manage and unsuitable derogatory language and therefore suitable for public transmission. Instead of the advertisement achieving its goals of encouraging more responsible road usage the company has been accused of creating an advertisement that encourages road rage amongst motorists, and many stakeholders have argued that there are much better ways of advocating for better road usage through the use of hands free devices. Culture and Advertising Messages that are contained in advertisements must be in harmony with the targeted audien ces culturally-bound experiences of this target audience, this is because once and advertisement is aired consumers will engage themselves and will only accept that which is culturally acceptable and treat that which is not culturally acceptable with hostility values and beliefs. Smith (2005, 65-72) uses the term the participatory consumer who is part of the target audience of the advertisement often concentrate and may many a times enter into a rational trance with an aim of critically understanding the main message of the advertisement, this fact enables the consumer to treat advertisement as a dialogue between them and the advertiserAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on Platinum Communications specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More . It is after logically analyzing the advertisement the consumers will therefore decide whether the advertisement is either good or bad for them (Munro 2001, 122-141). Thus the outcome of thi s process of being a participatory consumer will often guide consumer behavior and thus define the attitude and perceptions of these consumers. Knowing this then the language that is used in advertising is subject to alteration and adaptation, depending on the culture of the target audience, target groups being addressed and other relevant considerations. This fact may often force marketers to retract from a mass orientation approach of advertising depending on the situation to a more fragmented approach that is suitable for target marketing. It is therefore vital that advertisers try and build a relationship with consumers because it they fail then it is almost impossible to connect with consumers and it hence becomes impossible to initiate favorable actions from the consumers. The language of Radio advertisement that was used by platinum communication was considered harsh and hostile simply because it contained obscenities to pass across its message. When coming up with language f or advertisements several characteristics are to be incorporated into the message by choosing the most suitable and preferred language by selection of vocabulary that respects the culture of the target market (Smith 2005, 45-59). The language of advertising is the most important factor that contributes to the accomplishment of the ad as it gives the advertisers the will to move to action. The case of platinum communication is therefore a good example of a good message that was delivered using the wrong language thus making it the advertisement itself a flop. Hence the advert had less persuasive power and was forcefully withdrawn from the air. Advertisers must therefore understand the nature of consumer engagement incorporate this into the design of advertisements because advertisement also play a big role in the overall product experience that a consumer actually experiences(Munro 2001, 22-31). With this in mind therefore if an advertisement has a poor language delivery then consume rs are most likely to view the product in an unfavorable manner and may even end up avoiding it.Advertising Looking for essay on advertising? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is therefore justified to conclude that the radio advertisement done by Platinum communication was not in harmony with the cultural background of its target market even though the company did not breach the Advertisers Code of Ethics section 2.5. The targeted audience seems to be a society that is more conservative sand therefore would expect the messages that were used in that advertisement to be quit respectful and decent. The community around Newcastle generally associates obscenities with violence and this is therefore why they were able to misinterpret the intentions of this radio advertisement as an advertisement which encourages road rage among motorists who are road users. Although the advertiser strongly denies ever using any abusive or derogatory language it is important to know what is culturally acceptable in one country or region may be a taboo to another region. Therefore it is the duty of marketers to carefully use their skills and conduct trials that will assist t hem to understand the code of ethical responsibility that is attached to particular target audiences before embarking on creating advertisements, because in some cases globalizing advertisements can be dangerous and thus using a logical approach may have better results (Munro 2001, 90-100; Duke University Libraries digital collections 2008). Economic assumptions and advertising Consumers often have their economic expectations which are attached to advertisements and therefore the targeted audience may often expect advertisements that advertise various products. Consumers expect advertisements to raising the standard of living by empowering their decision making process, increasing consumer satisfaction by making them aware of which products are most likely to satisfy them most following adoption, introducing economies of scale through increased sales, efficiently distributing product information and creating elastic demand lowering prices and stimulating product innovation (Solomon 1994, 56). Supporters of advertising argue that in economies should display several distinctiveness of complimentary market. Advertising should contributes to higher principles of living; enlarged buyer fulfillment; inferior prices; amplified economies of scale for manufacturers, wholesalers and retailers; efficient group distribution of product information to assist in consumer evaluation of the products to help them choose what suits him/ her; and product modernization. Thus, advertising benefits the public and individuals because their needs and wants are met more efficiently and standards of living improved. One of the economic functions of advertisement is to enlarge market share and inform clients about the new products. In the absence advertisement, the consumer would not be able to know about the products that are readily available in the market additionally retailers and wholesalers would not be able to effectively move their inventories. Millions of individuals worldwide v iew and process numerous commercials on Radios, TV and newspaper published advertisements or billboards. Various businesses, alongside the government, apply advertising as a way to support their products and services. Advertisements are therefore responsible for reaching out to various individuals and persuade them to purchase certain products by altering their perceptions and attitudes thus enabling businessmen to have more control over the sales patterns throughout a business cycle (Ryan, 2004, 73; Reese 2000, 10). The principle behind advertising is to advertise products in such a way that the end result is that a targeted viewer will purchase the product after being exposed to the advertisement. The product manufacturers often have to illustrate descriptions of the supreme status of life; attractive women, well-built men, excellent time and no uncertainties. The utilization of sex appeal and extra strategies to attract buyers into investing in their products despite the fact tha t they wish to be something they are not. By using such techniques then an advertisement is able to achieve its economic value by efficiently distributing product information about the product. It is also appropriate that when various techniques are used to effectively disburse such information it is usually done within the cultural context of a given audience in order to gain acceptability. Hence since Platinum communication used the wrong means to design their products then it is reasonable to conclude that the since platinum communication used an inappropriate process of dispersing information to its target audience then the advertisement ultimately failed from achieving any economic goals/value. Consumers and various target audiences usually expect that advertisements will end up increasing the level of consumer satisfaction. Advertisement campaigns often force the community to either directly or indirectly force the targeted audience to buy the products due to the premise that the product will cater to the needs and desires of this audience. Advertising dictates the level of satisfaction and utility by simply altering the perceptions and attitudes of those who watch these advertisements. Advertising therefore could contribute to the pleasant stereotyping of certain groups of products which a company is selling by depicting them as products that will cause a high level of utility after they are purchased (Solomon 1994, 181-186). But in contrary unethical means of advertising may trick consumers into purchasing products on the premise of satisfaction. Hence this is why various advertisement industry participants usually come together and form a board or a regulatory body that will oversee that consumers are not exploited by malicious advertisers who trick them into purchasing their products (Ryan, 2004 121-133). Thus in some instances advertising can be unattractive and inconsistent with ethical principles and in such a case consumers may not realize the ec onomic value behind the assumption that advertisements are supposed to enhance the level of satisfaction which consumers experience when they purchase certain products. Advertising on the other hand can cultivate a fulsome lifestyle that squanders resources and thus no utility or satisfaction will be realized by the targeted audience once they acquire products which were previously advertised. When advertising reduces human improvement and satisfaction, after acquiring material goods and cultivating a particular message and lifestyle through various media then the advertisement will be considered to contain falsified destructive messages that are dangerous and in appropriate for the society (Arens, Weigold Arens 2011, 237). When advertisers fall short to follow a precise value for the moral, cultural and spiritual necessities, based on the self-respect of the individual and on the appropriate characteristics of each community and represent distorted facts about a product with an ai m of luring consumers into purchasing their products that this can be considered as unethical and in breach of advertisement codes of conduct. Conclusion Advertising has become more influential in our society; its exposure through radio, television, print and billboards advertisements has turned out to be a main influence in people’s purchases. Many individuals look up to advertisements so that they can form a basis under which they can justify their purchase decisions. Poorly designed advertisements Instead of receiving extra attraction from the consumer, have ended up irritating and the targeted audiences as was the case whereby the use of a culturally an acceptable language led to the rejection of Platinum communications advertisement which was meant for promoting use of safe road usage (Solomon 1994, 74-78). The poor planning and execution of the advertisement ended up sending the wrong message and disrupting the goals by the advertiser platinum communications. Additional ly the perceptions and attitude of the targeted audience soon went sour as soon as the advertisement went on air thus requiring it to be withdrawn. Considering advertisements’ societal major influence, it is necessary that the media regularly analyze and appraise the actions of advertisers to incorporate both aspects of globalization and localization which will thus enable them effectively use a mass market approach or a fragmented market approach to more effectively advertise products. Advertisers should therefore critically research on the culture of the targeted audience before making advertisements in order to avoid irritating consumers. Rather that arguing that their practices are legal or within guidelines it is i9mportant to go a step further and incorporate culturally accepted practices in making advertisements. In addition, regulatory bodies should be vigilant look for ways to control and dictate guidelines to the advertising industry and any other means of communica tion. References Arens, W. F., Weigold, M. F. Arens, C., 2011, Contemporary advertising, 13th edn. Boston: McGraw–Hill Irwin. Dahl, S., 2004. Cross-cultural advertising research: What do we know about the influence of culture on advertising? London: Middlesex University Business School. Duke University Libraries digital collections, 2008. â€Å"Ad*Access.† Duke University Libraries. Web. Koslow, S. Costley, C., 2010. â€Å"How consumer heterogeneity muddles the international advertising debate.† International Journal of Advertising, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 221–44. Munro P., 2001. â€Å"From oral health to perfect smiles: advertising and children’s oral health.† nidcr.nih.gov. Web. Reese, R., 2000. â€Å"From the fringe: the hip hop culture and ethnic relations.† Popular Culture Review, vol. XI, no. 2, 10. Ryan, R., 2004. â€Å"Beers ads less about the babes and more about the beer.† BT. Web. Smith, S 2005, ‘Don’t loo k now, but here comes podvertising’, OMMA The Magazine of Online Media, Marketing and Advertising. Web. Solomon, M., 1994. Consumer behavior, 2nd edn. Massachusetts: Allyn and Bacon. Wang, J., 2005. â€Å"Youth culture, music and cell phone branding in China.† Global Media and Communication, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 185–201. This essay on Platinum Communications was written and submitted by user Viviana Hess to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Reservation free essay sample

Bus reservation system deals with maintenance of records of details of each passenger who had reserved a seat for a journey for various places in Bangalore. The said bus reservation company has 60 routes operating from Bangalore among those are the regular or ordinary, semi-luxury and super-deluxe buses. These systems should contain information about its passenger like date of reservation, their destination, and number of seats and cancellation of their reservation. The system should meet the requirements of the business to make it interactive and user friendly. Our project is to computerize traveling company to manage data, so that all the transactions become fast and lessen any possibly error in transaction like calculation mistake, bill generation and other things. It replaces all the paper work. It keeps records of all bills also, giving to ensure 100% successful implementation of the computerized Bus reservation system. It also shows reports of the transaction done by the company to monitor their daily operation. We will write a custom essay sample on Reservation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Objective/s Main Objective: To develop an effective and functional passenger reservation system. Specific Objectives: a. To record data of various routes originating from Bangalore b. To verify that the total distance travelled by each passenger does not exceeded 3000km. c. To provide a facility for cancellation. Analysis Traveling is a large growing business in or country. Bus reservation system deals with maintenance of records of details of each passenger who had reserved a seat for a journey. It also includes maintenance of information like schedule and details of each bus. We observed the working of the Bus reservation system and after going through it, we get to know that there are many operations, which they have to do manually. It takes a lot of time and causes many errors. Due to this, sometimes a lot of problems occur and they were facing many disputes with customers. To solve the above problem, and further maintaining records of items, seat availability for customers, price of per seat, bill generation and other things, we are offering this proposal of reservation system. Our reservation system has two modules. First module helps him to reserve a ticket. Using second module he can cancel a reserved ticket. Requirements Definition Functional Requirements a. Should be able to create a new login for accessing the reservation facility. . See current reservations on different buses along with the details. The system should automatically show amount of money needs to be pay for selected seats. Non- Functional Requirements a. The administrator shall usually do anything on the system in all forms. Administrator is responsible for updating and maintenance of the systems content such as adding/ removing information about the system.

role of sexes essays

role of sexes essays Roles of the Sexes The submissive role of the female in a marriage or relationship is a common problem in many societies, including our own American society. This role has become so common that in fact it is now expected of the female. This male dominance goes as far back as the human race, to the beginning of relationships and marriage between the female and the male. Then, the physical prowess of the male led to his dominance in all situations and thus formed these roles. Even presently, with all our advances in equal rights and womens advances in the work fields, this role of submission and passivity is still present among our society. Why do women accept this role? Why hasnt it banished with the right to vote and her expansion into the male-dominated workplace? These roles are inbred into our society. The men are raised to lead and take charge. Women, on the other hand, are taught that their place is to keep peace, and in most scenarios that means conforming. There are many reasons women accept or allow this role. For many women, they find safety in allowing the male to dominate the relationship. The submissive role is familiar or so expected that the women fear changing the situation. Many authors illustrate this role of the sexes and portray some reasons and situations that are common in our society, such as Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette, in her story The Hand, and James Joyce, in Eveline. These two authors both, even though each describes a woman in a very different, yet remarkably similar, situation, discuss one of the major reasons women succumb to males. Colette was a significant feminist in the early 1900s when the womens right movement was in full swing. She fought for equal opportunities for women and proved it was possible when she was the first woman to be admitted to the Goncourt Academy. As a novelis...

A Defence of Heritage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

A Defence of Heritage - Essay Example Conversely a property or estate may also be inherited, and even a title can be inherited: According to wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn. IMPORTANCE OF HERITAGE The whole world is divided into countries. People from all these countries and different ethnic backgrounds have their own story to tell. Everyone has their own past with them which plays a huge role in determining what they are today. Similarly just like the past of all these individuals every country has a past too. A country’s history starts getting written from the very day that it is created. Every decision that is taken after that becomes a part of the history of that country. This history after a few years becomes known as the heritage of that country. The heritage of a country automatically gets attached to its citizens or the people living in it. This Heritage is the representation of the people of their respective countries. Without heritage a country would be nothing but reduced to a mere name. It is this heritage that tells us about the ancestors of the people living in a country. It acts like a silent introduction of the nationals of that country. The heritage of a country determines its true standing in the world. Wherever people go or travel in the world, their names do not remain the true representatives of their identities but instead it’s their nationalities which become the true representative of the identity of individuals once they leave their country. These nationalities wouldn’t mean much if it wasn’t for the rich heritage of their respective countries attached to them. Every country irrespective of its size has a fascinating and rich heritage. The heritage of a country gives away enormous information about the kind of people living there. It is through heritage that countries are known throughout the world. Countries like Britain which have a very rich heritage are well known throughout the world and their citizens respected. Heritage shapes the imag e of a country and its popularity. Hence this lays even more importance on the fact of knowing about the heritage of their country by its citizens or nationals. It is through this knowledge that the citizens of a country can truly feel proud of their country and know of the achievements and potential of their people. Countries that do not honour or care about their heritage and do nothing to preserve it are lost in the pages of history and time just like they lost their heritage and did nothing to protect it: According to Alison Hems, Marion R.Blockley(2006). ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE A great way of letting people know about the heritage of a country is through tourism. There are many structures and vehicles etc which may be of great historic value and contribute tremendously to the heritage of a country. A country like Great Britain for example has many castles and ships which are of particular value and serve as great assets to the heritage of Britain. These structures or assets not on ly provide the richness of heritage to the country but they are also used as great tourist destinations or spots. This reaps tremendous benefits and advantages to Britain. Firstly, it attracts a large number of tourists every year which bring with them a lot of foreign exchange or currency into the country. Then this also acts as a great industry. The tourism industry provides a lot of jobs to the people of the country and serves as the livelihood or bread and butter of all these individuals and their families. Today when the economic situation is so bad everywhere around the world and there is a financial crunch, jobs are being cut and more and more people are getting unemployed all around the world, a country must stretch all its resources and options to provide employment and jobs to their people so that they can earn their

Aspergers Syndrome Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Aspergers Syndrome - Research Paper Example In addition, many people depict Aspergers disorder as one of the autism spectrum disorders. This disorder regularly occurs in children above three years and is more prevalent in boys compared to girls. Persons suffering from Aspergers syndrome display severe impairments in their social and communication skills, for instance poor nonverbal communication. On the other hand, the majority of the individuals having this disorder has perfect cognitive and oral skills, and naturally has ordinary to greater aptitude (Stoppler, 2011). Although health experts link Aspergers disorder with autism, individuals suffering from this disorder not have severe language and cognitive problems present in other autism spectrum disorders. Despite its occurrence, it is however possible for people with this disorder to lead normal lives with appropriate education and treatment (Boyer, 2011). Many people hold several misconceptions concerning Aspergers disorder. For instance, those not familiar with the disorder might deem that the infected individual lacks intelligence or that they are self-centered and uncaring people. This is because people suffering from this disorder are often not able to react or respond to voice around them or body language. An individual suffering from Aspergers syndrome might ignore Dropping hints. This is because he or she might not respond to the subtleties of the English language and might not interpret language that needs reading between the lines (Richford, 2011). Boyer (2011) adds that most people suffering from this disorder live autonomous lives. Although it is possible to treat and manage Aspergers syndrome, it is paramount to help patients learn to adjust to new circumstances. Dr. Hans Asperger, the doctor who gave the disorder its name first explained Aspergers syndrome in1944. In 1981 researcher, Lorna Wing made the

Wages v. Wages Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Wages v. Wages - Essay Example The couple moved with their two children. In light of the decision to move to Kentucky, the mother went to court again requesting a change of custody. She argued that the move to relocate was based on her strong belief that it would be disadvantageous to their child. In her motion, she requested that she did not want to end the relationship between her daughter and her former husband. The father responded by accusing her former wife as a woman who lacked motherliness prior to their divorce. He also pointed out that the mother’s current husband had left her twice and that she had two different jobs and was not in a position to cater for their child appropriately. He wanted to be granted full custody or be relieved from paying child support (Sharp, W. and Antoon, 2005, P.73). He also wanted to stop paying for the child’s hospital insurance unless the court granted him full custody of the child. While the mothers intention to move to Kentucky and leave the child with her former husband was with good intention, it was perceived that it would result in a significant change of circumstances. She was also not best suited to have custody of the child as the former husband had more people whom would help him raise the child much better than the mother would. There was no significant evidence found by the court that moving the child to Kentucky would result in a great change in circumstances. The father was not granted custody. (Sharp, W. and Antoon, 2005, P. 73) The second ruling was made based on the present facts. Custody was not granted to the father as the mother’s motion to change custody was denied. The reversal of the earlier judgment was as a result of the mother’s failure to show the court that she was better suited to have custody. An appropriate visitation schedule was deemed to be better than changing custody basing on the facts present at that

Urinary Excretion and Paracetamol

Urinary Excretion and Paracetamol Investigateurinary excretion of paracetamol in man. Paracetamol, known as acetaminophen in the USA, is one of the most commonly used analgesic and antipyretic drugs available over-the-counter. Its common name derives from the full chemical name: para-acetyl-amino-phenol, with the chemical formula C8H9NO2 and amolecular weight of 151.17. Paracetamol does not have anysignificant anti-inflammatory action and therefore cannot be accuratelydescribed as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), as was oncethought. Its mechanism of action is still poorly understood but some studieshave suggested that it inhibits a variant of the cyclo-oxygenase enzyme COX-1, which has been designated COX-3 (Swierkosz et al. 2002). Paracetamol actsmainly in the central nervous system and endothelial cells, rather than inplatelets and immune cells. Boutaud and colleagues (2002) hypothesised thatthis may be explained by the high levels of peroxides found in the latter cell types, which inhibit the action of paracetamol. There has been some debate on thesubject, with other researchers proposing an inhibitory action against COX-2(Graham Scott 2005). Further research is required to fully elucidate the mechanism of action at the molecular level. Metabolism and excretion Following oral administration and absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, paracetamol enters the blood and is distributed throughout the body. It is metabolised by enzymes in the hepatocytes of the liver and the majority is converted to inactive metabolites by conjugation with sulphate or glucuronide. This is then filtered out of theblood by the kidneys and into the urine, via active renal tubular secretion. Asmall portion of paracetamol remains unaltered and passes into the urine viaglomerular filtration and passive absorption (Morris Levy 1984). Thereis also a small proportion of the paracetamol that is metabolised by the thecytochrome P450 system, which results in the formation of cysteine or glutathioneconjugates and mercapturic acid conjugates (figure 2). These products ofoxidative metabolism are also excreted renally (Andrews et al. 1976). Paracetamol has a low therapeuticindex, so the therapeutic dose is very close to the toxic dose. Toxicity canoccur following a single large dose (>10g) or with chronic lower doses(4-5g/d) and is usually seen as hepatotoxicity, which can result in deathwithin several days (Wikipedia). Toxicity occurs when the enzymesresponsible for catalysing sulphate and glucuronide conjugation becomesaturated, forcing metabolism to be increasingly dependent upon the cytochromeP450 system. This results in formation of a toxic metabolite,N-acetyl-p-benzo-quinone imine (NAPQI), which is normally mopped up by bindingto the sulphydryl group of glutathione to form inactive conjugates andmercapturic acid. Toxicity occurs when the glutathione supply becomes exhaustedand NAPQI binds indiscriminately to molecules within the cell, such asmembranes, to cause cell damage and death, seen as acute hepatic necrosis. 1)Major pathway for normal metabolism 2)Minor pathway via cytochrome P450 system produces toxic metabolite (NAPQI),shown in red. Normally this is detoxified by binding to glutathione. 3) Toxicity occurs when pathways 1 and 2 are overloadedand NAPQI binds to molecules of the cell, causing damage. Modifiedfrom Rang et al. 1995. Aim of experiment The aim of this experiment is toinvestigate the renal excretion of paracetamol, by measuring the levels ofparacetamol metabolites in human urine over 6 hours following an oral dose of500mg. The total excretion will be assessed using the spectrophotometricmethod. From this data the elimination rate constant (KE) and thehalf-life (T1/2) will be calculated. Qualitative analysis of thevarious metabolites will be conducted using appropriate chemical identificationtechniques. METHOD A standard stock solution ofparacetamol was prepared at 1mg/cm3 and dilutions were made to givea range of known concentrations. 1 cm3 of the paracetamol solutionwas added to 1 cm3 blank urine and 4 cm3 4M HCl, andmixed thoroughly. A blank duplicate was also prepared, using water instead ofurine. After an hour in a boiling water bath the tubes were cooled and wateradded, up to 10 cm3. 1 cm3 of this hydrolysed urinesolution was added to 10 cm3  of colour forming solution, mixed and allowed to stand for40 minutes. The absorbance of each solution was measured, using thespectrophotometer, zeroing the instrument using the drug free urine sample inbetween solutions. This produced the readings for the calibration curve. Thecollected timed urine samples were then processed in the same way, adding 1 cm3water instead of paracetamol solution. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Known concentrations of paracetamolunderwent spectrophotometry to measure the absorbance at 620nm. These resultswere used to produce a calibration curve (figure 3). The timed urine sampleswere then analysed following the same protocol and the absorbance at 620nm wasused, in conjunction with the calibration curve to ascertain the concentrationof paracetamol in the urine. Unfortunately, half of the samples producedabsorbances outside the range of the calibration curve. Because this curve isnon-linear, extrapolation and dilution cannot be used to accurately deduce theconcentration of paracetamol in the urine. For the purposes of this report theconcentration for these samples has been declared as greater than 800ug/cm3.This is not very satisfactory and further experiments must be done to extendthe range of the calibration curve to the maximum absorbancy of the timedsamples. The values of KE and T1/2 have been calculatedto demonstrate the procedure, but are inaccurate and will need revisi ng onceaccurate concentrations have been established form the calibration curve. Table 1: Timed urine sample Mean absorbance 620nm Conc. ug/cm3 Vol. Urine (ml) Total drug (ug of paracetamol) Excretion rate mg/h 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 hour 0.256 192 245 47040 47 2 hours 1.918 >800 50 40000 40 3 hours 1.769 >800 38 30400 30.4 4 hours 1.028 >800 55 44000 44 5 hours 0.349 246 135 33210 33.2 6 hours 0.255 192 160 30720 30.7 Table 1 contains the absorbanceresults of the timed urine samples and the deduced concentration of paracetamolin the urine, as well as the hourly excretion rate. The total amount ofparacetamol excreted over the 6 hour period was 225.3mg, which is 45% of theorally administered dose. Due to problems discussed above, this is anunderestimate of the true percentage of dose excreted renally, which has beenfound to be 55-70% by other studies (Steventon et al. 1996). When log of the excretion rate(equivalent to total drug excreted per hour) is plotted against time, a linearplot should be achieved, from which KE can be estimated. The slope of this straight lineequates to : KE /2.303, which gives a value for KE of0.094. Using the formula: T1/2 =0.692/ KE , the valueof T1/2 = 7.36 hours. This states that it takes the body7.36 hours to excrete half of the drug administered. This is longer than the1-4 hours usually quoted for paracetamol (Rang et al. 1995), and is notsurprising given the underestimation of the paracetamol urine concentration.With proper calibration, this would be expected to decrease to nearer thepreviously found results. There were no results for thequalitative studies for metabolite composition, but it would be expected thatsulphate and glucuronide conjugates would constitute the majority of the sample,with a smaller quantity of unchanged paracetamol, cysteine/glutathione andmercapturic acid metabolites. These results only represent oneindividual on one day and replications of this experiment are crucial.Nutritional status, recent alcohol consumption, ethnic background, concurrentdrug usage and illness must all be taken into account as factors that mayaffect paracetamol metabolism and excretion (Riordan Williams 2002, Patel Tang 1992). Further analysis of paracetamolexcretion .  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hepatotoxicity and drug interactions Table 2 shows how concurrent use of phenobarbital, ananti-epileptic drug, can increase the severity of liver damage caused byparacetamol administration and its subsequent metabolism. Table 2: Effect of Phenobarbital onparacetamol induced hepatotoxicity TreatmentDose of Paracetamol (mg/kg) Severity of liver necrosis None 375 1-2+ Phenobarbital 375 2-4+_________ This occurs due to metabolism ofphenobarbital by enzymes of the P450 cytochrome system, which results inupregulation of their production. As explained in the introduction (see fig.2), P450 enzymes also metabolise paracetamol, to form the toxic metaboliteNAPQI. This is normally a minor pathway but as the amount of P450 enzymesavailable increases, the activity of this pathway also increases. This resultsin a larger than normal amount of NAPQI, which is mopped up and inactivated byglutathione. Glutathione supplies will eventually run out, which occurs soonerif the person is malnourished. When this happens the toxic metabolite binds tocell components, causing necrosis. To prevent this occurring, such as in casesof overdose, N-acetylcysteine can be given (Routledge et al. 1998), which isrequired for glutathione synthesis and helps to boost it. This allows agreater amount of the toxic metabolite to be mopped up and reduces cell damage. .  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Paracetamol metabolism following hepatotoxicity Table 3: Plasmaparacetamol concentrations(ug/cm3) Patients Plasma paracetamol 4 hrs after 12hrsafter Half life (h) ingestion ingestion _______________________________________________________________ noliver damage (18) 2.9 +/= 0.3 163 +/=20 29.5 +/=6 liverdamage (23) 7.2+/= 0.7 296 +/= 26 124 +/=22___ Table 3 shows that, in a study, theability of patients with liver damage to eliminate paracetamol from the bloodis much decreased, compared to healthy people. This is seen by the prolongedhalf-life and the high levels of paracetamol in the plasma. The plasma leveldoes come down by 12 hrs, which indicates that there is enough functional liverreserve to metabolise some of the drug, but the level is still very high. Toascertain whether it is just conjugation that is affected, or whether all thepathways are affected equally it would be necessary to quantify the levels ofdifferent metabolites in the blood and urine. As conjugation is responsiblefor the majority of metabolism, damage to all systems will still show up asaffecting conjugation the most. In theory reduced clearance of asubstance is useful for monitoring the severity of liver damage, but in thecase of paracetamol it would be unwise as it could potentiate the hepatotoxiceffects and worsen the liver condition. It is also unnecessary as there arealready a number of reliable blood tests for liver function and damage. REFERENCES Andrews, R. S., Bond, C. C., Burnett, J., Saunders, A. Watson, K. 1976 Isolation and identification of paracetamol metabolites. J Int Med Res 4,34-9. Boutaud, O., Aronoff, D. M., Richardson, J. H., Marnett, L. J. Oates, J. A. 2002 Determinants of the cellular specificity of acetaminophen as an inhibitor of prostaglandin H(2) synthases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99,7130-5. Graham, G. G. Scott, K. F. 2005 Mechanism of action of paracetamol. Am J Ther 12, 46-55. Morris, M. E. Levy, G. 1984 Renal clearance and serum protein binding of acetaminophen and its major conjugates in humans. J Pharm Sci 73, 1038-41. Patel, M., Tang, B. K. Kalow, W. 1992 Variability of acetaminophen metabolism in Caucasians and Orientals. Pharmacogenetics 2, 38-45. Rang, H. P., Dale, M.M., Ritter, J.M. 1995 Pharmacology: Churchill Livingstone. Riordan, S. M. Williams, R. 2002 Alcohol exposure and paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity. Addict Biol 7, 191-206. Routledge, P., Vale, J. A., Bateman, D. N., Johnston, G. D., Jones, A., Judd, A., Thomas, S., Volans, G., Prescott, L. F. Proudfoot, A. 1998 Paracetamol (acetaminophen) poisoning. No need to change current guidelines to accident departments. Bmj 317, 1609-10. Steventon, G. B., Mitchell, S. C. Waring, R. H. 1996 Human metabolism of paracetamol (acetaminophen) at different dose levels. Drug Metabol Drug Interact 13, 111-7. Swierkosz, T. A., Jordan, L., McBride, M., McGough, K., Devlin, J. Botting, R. M. 2002 Actions of paracetamol on cyclooxygenases in tissue and cell homogenates of mouse and rabbit. Med Sci Monit 8, BR496-503. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracetamol.

Humanities and Postmodernism Essay

In discerning a relationship between the Postmodern Portal and the Green Man, one finds a bridge that connects the past, present, and future. The lackluster color and repetitive patterns of the Green Man symbolizes antiquity or the times of yore. On the other hand, the vibrant and compound nature of the Postmodern Portal symbolizes how one, at present time, looks at the possibilities inherent in the future and prepares to face the challenges brought about by changes and transformations signaled by the shifting of time from present time to the future. The spotlight directed to the man in the Postmodern Portal seems to place the viewer within the context of the present. The walls and the arch symbolizes man’s entry to the future, while the archaic designs on the walls and the scattered stones on the ground represents how the present will soon be a past as man moves on to the future. The gesture of the man, holding a sword courageously illustrates how people in this generation are prepared to face the challenges and difficulties that come with change through the passage of time and the coming of the future. Moreover, this particular gesture seems to express how man has continually been able to conquer the present, which is significant in allowing him to face the future. Framing the relationship between the Postmodern Portal and the Green Man and developing a perceptive interpretation on the inherent symbols and illustrations embedded within these pieces of art are highly significant in understanding postmodernism, particularly reconstructive postmodernism. Reconstructive postmodernism has been described in the lecture as something that is fundamental to achieving a higher humanity. This is because this particular concept perceives that understanding human conditions, through significant interpretation of the past and the present, are highly significant in determining how the future would be like for man. Moreover, in knowing these things, man will be able to understand himself because of his knowledge of where he came from, where he is at present time, and where he is heading, leading him to achieve a sense of self that allows him to conquer the course of life and the past, present, and future of the human race. Indeed, achieving higher humanity does adhere to the principle upheld by the Northern Arizona University, that â€Å"to be educated is to become more human. † The plot perceived within the links connecting the Postmodern Portal and the Green Man places the past, the present, and the future side by side. This particular concept is inherent in the works of Robinson Jeffers. In one of Jeffers’ poem, â€Å"To the Stone-Cutters,† he sought to concede to the inescapable passage of time which would inevitably fragment the life of man into the past, the present, and the future. Moreover, in â€Å"Continent’s End,† Jeffers was able to convey the importance of remembering the past, especially how man came to be in this planet, in order for us to re-evaluate how we changed and are changing in order for us to reconstruct a much better future that is free from pride that abounds from self-righteousness and bitterness. The symbolisms of humanity in Remedios Varo’s works are more explicit, owing to how she was able to capture significant and discernible meanings through her artistry. Varo’s paintings, particularly in the â€Å"Discovery of a Mutant Geologist† and the â€Å"Creation of Birds† illustrate a fusion of the past, the present and the future. The pictorial landscape signifies the unpretentious nature of the past, the involved disposition of the present, and the avant-garde quality of the future. It may be observed how the setting chosen by Varo in the â€Å"Discovery of a Mutant Geologist† was a testing site for nuclear weapons before. The painting shows how the site looked like in the past but how we differently view at present time due to man’s perceptions of war, and how continuing human activities that are labeled as destructive reaching the level of how war is unconstructive will affect how man will change or metamorphose in the future. Varo’s paintings also link how the past, the present, and the future are interrelated, and that in seeking to understand these links or relationships, man will be able to view how he has acted to shape the course of events leading to the present and determine how he will be able to act with purpose and significance to lead a better future for the human race.

Magnificence. The story about Vicente Essay

The story was all about Vicente, the bus conductor and the tutor of the two children in a village. (paragraph 2) says, The girl at the age of seven and the boy at the age of eight ,simply tells us that there was a seven and eight year old child in the story. At the start of the story we could clearly see how the family and the mother (who is the president of their own village) trusted the conductor that’s why in the first paragraph of the story, it says, â€Å"there was nothing to fear.† Victor was characterized as a gentle and kind. He was a dark little man whose voice is soft and calm in manners. This is the contrast to the characterization of the mother because she is tall and she spoke in a voice of very low, and very heavy. This emphasizes the darkness of Victor and the magnificence of the mother. While I was reading the story I saw the paragraph 6-8 and we can clearly see in this paragraph (that there was something strange or wrong in the motive of Victor for the little girl because he slapped the boy and started to say â€Å"boys don’t kiss boys†.the idea that Victor gives so much favour to the girl by giving her 3 pencils and by doting on her (paragraph 12) got my attention. While (paragraph 18) gives me an instinct to create personal judgment that Victor abuses the childhood of the little girl. The paragraph 23 says, â€Å" his face was all in sweat, and his eyes looked very strange, and he indicated to her that she must not turn around, attend to the homework she was writing.† this paragraph gives me a final conclusion of the whole story that Victor really likes the little girl. At the end of the story in (paragraph 36) the story tells us how the mothers raise their hands against the abuse of males. It implies that a women or a lady ought to be respected even if they are still young at age that’s why in (paragraph 40) the mother says, â€Å"take a bath quickly†. That means to say, to cleanse from all filthiness and stain that she received from Victor, the conductor. In (paragraph 41) the mother soaped her and wiped her gently all over because the story wants to teach us a lesson. That being a woman or as a lady we must preserve our purity and that we must be against from the abuse of males. There are times that we feel that the person is trustworthy but sadly they were not. Trust is gained. While reading the story only three subject  matters revolved in my mind. The trust that we must gain, the dignity/respect that a lady must have and the heroic act or magnificent role of the mother in raising their kids these are the important lesson that we must get from the story. Trust can only be gain by the people who really deserve of it. We may deceive or act like somebody that was not the real of us but once the given trust fall apart it will be very hard to put the trust into its whole. It is an honour for us and a great morality if we act right for through our actions we get also the respect of people. Our purity tells the people that they should respect us. I think the story itself unveils us the importance of having respect/dignity in oneself, and importance of being a mother. One quotations said, â€Å"I love being a mother, I am more aware. I feel things on a deeper l evel. I have a kind of understanding about my body, about being a woman.† –unknown. Mothers protects their child from all abuses that man can give to their child. Wordcount:651

Homosexual Parenting essays

Homosexual Parenting essays Adoption has always been a challenge for the same-sex couples. Despite the huge number of children in need of adoptive parents, and many researches which show that homosexuality is neither biological nor genetic matter, the consideration of homosexual parenting is still at a big question: What kind of effects will the couples sex orientation have on their childs life? This question addresses the issue faced both by the adoption services and by gays and lesbians that had ever considered adoption. Homosexual couples should have a right for adoption because they can make responsible and loving parents as well as heterosexuals. But since the most of the researches on homosexual parenting are politically contaminated, it leaves a smaller chance for understanding homosexual way of life and winning the adoption case. A religious perception on homosexual life style has always been very negative. The notion that homosexuality is a sin is widely spread among Christians. Because homosexuals have different perspectives in their lives from the heterosexuals, according to religious beliefs they should not have a right to create families. Such conviction makes the adoption even more complicated for homosexual couples. At the same time, gay marriage is banned by law, which obviously means that the public sentiment is against legal recognition of homosexual commitments. It is hardly ever possible to adopt a child without having a stable family, but it is even more difficult to create a family when it is against the law. One after another, different cases based on homosexual parenting come from all over the country, most of the time denying the adoption rights to the gay and lesbian couples. As reported by Maya Bell in the Orlando Sentinel Newspaper, a Miami federal judge upheld Floridas law, barring homos exuals from adopting children, declaring the state may decide that youngsters belong with traditional married cou...

Human Resource Planning of the New Lounge with Asian Cuisine

Human Resource Planning of the New Lounge with Asian Cuisine Business concept The new lounge with Asian cuisine will focus on offering nutritious food and beverages to residents of Seattle, Washington. The establishment will specialize in a combination of upscale foods. The foodstuffs will comprise of rice, chilies, soy, salads, and certain recipes focusing on Asian cuisine.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Human Resource Planning of the New Lounge with Asian Cuisine specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Based on its distinctive menu, the lounge will concentrate on a differentiation strategy, which will offer exclusive foods around Seattle, Washington. The keys to success for this lounge will be an ideal location and special Asian cuisine. A group of Asian investors in the region will own the business. The stakeholders will offer $50,000 capital investment. The additional $20,000 will be raised through a short-term loan from local banks.  Breaking into this market is expe cted to be a challenge. We expect to face competition from small and medium mobile food stalls spread across Seattle. The other competitors are restaurants and food kiosks that offer catering services. To gain a competitive advantage over our competitors, we will differentiate our products and services (Champniss, 2011). One major way of fulfilling the above is through value addition. As such, we plan to locate our business in Downtown Seattle. Here, the cost of renting space is significantly low. The cost saved in renting the premises will enable us to sell our services and products at lower prices compared to the prices charged by our competitors. By offering cheaper and quality services, we will eventually gain a competitive advantage in the market segment. Similarly, we will focus on improving the foods’ package to enhance their aesthetic appeal. All foods will be packed and served in impressive food packages designed to surpass our customers’ expectations. Through the above initiatives, they will be able to add value to its products and services and gain a competitive advantage over its rivals. The lounge will target clients who work or study in regions around the Seattle. According to the market insight, thousands of persons reside around Seattle and its environs. The number of these clients is expected to increase in the future (Dess Lumpkin, 2014).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The main reason for positioning itself in this segment is that the business has the opportunity of incorporating new features to the existing service charter. They include online ordering of food services to cater to the changing demands and needs of the targeted customers. The vibrant tourism, efficient transport, increased government expenditure, and improved trade in the region imply that the business will be favorable and convenien t to many individuals (Cone, 2011). An increase in government expenditure means that there is more money in circulation, and more people can afford to enjoy the food services at our lounge.  The lounge will also adopt an all-inclusive marketing and advertising promotions. Social media such as Twitter and Facebook are currently the most utilized platforms, and we will exploit them positively to reach more customers in the city of Washington and its environs. The above will not only control losses but also give an accurate record of sales and projections. The advent of computer scanners at retail checkout counters means that the supply of our business will be accompanied with the proper technology. The above will ensure strategic product positioning in the dynamic Washington market. With technological advancements, we will always be ready to adopt innovations in our services to ensure that they remain relevant in the business field. Through social media, we will encourage more poten tial clients to access our services. The social media will also enable us to interact with potential clients to understand their expectations (Farris, 2010). Every year, the business must adopt new entertainment technologies to be ahead of its rivals. Similarly, we plan to form alliances with restaurant chains and kiosks, as well as with event organizers and corporate offices to capture market share. By doing so, we will be able to increase our source of income. HR management plan Organization chart, management team, and employee positions The organizational structure of the hotel displays a divisional corporate order. The divisional order is predominant service sections of the lounge. The sections include housekeeping segment, food and beverage segment, concierge segment, and front desk management. For instance, the big segments of the enterprise are separated into semi-autonomous bodies. The smaller segments are apportioned to a specific field of service. Every semi-autonomous seg ment has a group head. As such, the group head is selected as the management officer of that specific segment. At the top of the hierarchy is the hotel manager. The present-day economic conditions in the hotel industry are characterized by increased competition.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Human Resource Planning of the New Lounge with Asian Cuisine specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this regard, the lounge will adopt the above organizational structure to save on the cost of operation. The organizational structure has many advantages. Through this structure, every section functions effectively for the reason that they are centered on certain precise task. By doing so, the bank has been able to enhance the output of every section. Below is a figure showing the organizational chart of the lounge. The hotel manager manages the overall undertakings like hiring and making financial arrangements. The assista nt manager acts on behalf of the general manager in his or her absence. The junior manager reports to the overall manager. Since the lounge operates on 24 hours basis, an evening shift administrator will be required to night operations. A supervisor directs every functional group. The supervisor reports to the general manager. Fig 1: Organizational chart of the lounge Compensation and benefits Present financial situations in the hotel sector are characterized by increased operating costs (Collins Ewing, 2012). Recruitment and hiring of new employees contribute to the rise in operating costs. Therefore, the lounge will adopt a competitive reward scheme to reduce the employee turnover. Expecting to be among the top Asian cuisines in Seattle, the lounge’s reward systems are expected to be competitive. As such, the hotel’s reward scheme is expected to indicate the individuals to be awarded and the reason behind the rewards. The practice will enhance individual performanc e and general firm outcomes. The reward scheme balances with the organization’s culture. Policies and processes for attracting, motivating, and retaining employees Attracting, inspiring, and retaining skilled workforce is significant and often challenging for todays businesses. Appropriate staffing measures will aid the hotel intensify the satisfaction of its workers, reduce recruiting costs, and increase the hotel’s productivity.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The hotel should offer a positive working environment for its staff. Through this, the lounge will be able to attract and retain qualified workers. A positive work environment enables the employees to undertake their roles without challenges. Thus, the productivity of the lounge will increase. Similarly, the business should identify, compensate, and support the right behavior to attract and retain a competent workforce. Through this, the worker’s morale will be boosted. By involving and engaging the employees, the hotel will be able to motivate its workforce. As such, individuals are more dedicated and involved if they are allowed to add their thoughts and proposals towards the improvement of the business. Equally, the hotel should adopt fun in the workplace to motivate the employees. The initiative will enable the employees develop a positive staff culture, boost their morale and motivation, and enhance employer and employee relationship. Likewise, the approach will improve teamwork, boost employee satisfaction, help attract and retain the best people, and improve customer satisfaction. The initiative will also enhance creativity and problem solving, resolve conflict and difficult issues, and augment productivity and performance. Making ethical decisions For effective operation and ethical decisions, the lounge will adhere to required code of ethics. To prevent conflicts between the hotel and the law, the lounge will formulate and implement an appropriate ethical culture (Ferrell Fraedrich, 2014). The code of ethics will articulate the accepted standards. To achieve this, the lounge will be required to strengthen ethical culture and promote an ethical workforce within the executive branch. Similarly, the code of ethics will be used to institutionalize ethics within the firm. The code of ethics will illustrate a broad value system of an organization, describe the organization’s principles, and detail guidelines for decision making that are in ac cordance with these principles. Thereafter, the general manager should ensure that the code of ethics is implemented and adhered to at all time. Adhering to the code of ethics is very important to the lounge because it will reduce unethical practices. Unethical practices affect the morale of employees. Ethical wrongdoings have the potential to harm the lounge’s associations with customers, clients, shareholders, and suppliers. Managing diversity The new lounge just like other global hotel ought to uphold diversity. Through this, all employees and the management team should change the way they think, perform, and innovate. By embracing diversity management, the lounge will reap the benefits associated with diversity’s and reduce the potential hurdles like preconceptions that can weaken the operation of a diverse workforce (Volberda, 2012). Diversity in the hotel will be exhibited through the workers’ dissimilarities and similarities. The above implies that managi ng diversity will involve not only the management of race, ethnic, or gender, issue but also other complicated issues that bring out the differences of the employees. Some programs will be implemented to improve diversity in the workplace. Therefore, a management team will ensure that they offer strong leadership, evaluate the situation, offer diversity-teaching programs, transform culture, and evaluate the existing diversity administration programs.  Similarly, the lounge should also train its workforce about the importance of diversity. During the training, employees and the managers will be taught to recognize diversity mixtures in their departments. In doing so, the managers will be able to identify themselves with these features in their departments. Equally, managers should be taught how to scrutinize the mixtures and their associated pressures. Similarly, the training will inform managers on how to choose a suitable response. Through this training, they will be able to eval uate all the available alternatives. Likewise, hotel managers will come up with policies that encourage relationship among the employees. Through building relationship among the employees, the managers will enable the employees to understand and appreciate each other’s social, religious, or racial background (Wood, 2013). The above can be achieved by offering the employees with regular seminars, workshops, and other social events. Through this, they will get to know one another better enhancing mutual respect. Equally, human resource managers should foster mutual adaptation in the workplace to end issues related to religious mixtures. Through this initiative, every employee will be required to adjust his or her religious doctrines for the benefit of developing an appropriate work environment suitable for all religious groups. Evaluating performance To enhance the performance of the employees, the lounge’s executives will implement performance measurement strategies. Th e lounge will adopt quality and time performance measures. Quality performance measure will assess the value of the services rendered by the employees (Kreitner Cassidy, 2012). Equally, time performance will assess the period taken by the employees to render their services. To enhance the efficiency of the performance measures, the hotel will undertake the above assessment regularly.  Changes in performance measures and requirements related to enhancing the competency-base of workers to meet global requirements will also be monitored. Therefore, the hotel will implement a culture of accountability. Similarly, they will focus on results. When goals and visions are brought into line with organizational accountabilities, the administration can hold employees answerable for their tasks. Equally, performance measures will encourage workers to accomplish the lounge’s goals, missions, and objectives. Planning succession Appropriate succession planning measure will be put in place to recognize and develop internal staff with the possibility to fill vacancy positions in the hotel. The process is the most efficient and appropriate way of filling organization’s vacancies. Through this approach, the hotel will reduce its recruitment costs and orientation training expenses and time. The approach will offer employees with abilities to advance their career through regular training. As a result, employees will progressively develop and advance their careers. Through career advancement, workers’ morale will be enhanced enabling them to dispense their knowledge and capabilities effectively. Equally, by improving on the workforce’s morale the hotel will increase its productivity leading to an increase in returns. Ensuring a safe and non-discriminatory work environment In any organization, upholding safe and non-discriminatory work environment is considered a major management problem. The hotel will adopt appropriate organizational culture to addres s the issue. As such, organization culture determines how organizational members interact with each other. Appropriate organizational culture will minimize conflicts (Siegel, 2015). Usually, conflicts arise from personal differences or responsibility differences. Exceptional features of workplace setup also influence the conflicts. The features comprise of the stretched hours employees people spend in their workplace, the hierarchical arrangement of the business corporations, and financial or emotional the difficulties. The lounge’s executive will also ensure that the work environment is safe. Workplace accidents are a major concern to hotels’ managers and their workers. More often, accidents result from wet flows, spills, and sharp cutleries. In the lounge, managers and safety managers will supervise safety responsibilities. They will be required to ensure that the safety requirements of the employees and the clients are fulfilled. They will also ensure that appropria te systems are put in place to enable employees verify safety hazards. Similarly, the officials will ensure that all safety measures are upheld. References Champniss, G. (2011). Brand valued: how socially valued brands hold the key to a sustainable future and business success. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley. Collins, H., Ewing, K. D. (2012). Labour law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Cone, S. (2011). Steal these ideas: Marketing secrets that will make you a star. New York, NY: John Wiley Sons. Dess, G., Lumpkin, G. (2014). Strategic management: Creating competitive advantages (7thed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Farris, P. (2010). Marketing metrics: The definitive guide to measuring marketing performance (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: FT Press. Ferrell, O., Fraedrich, J. (2014). Business ethics: ethical decision making and cases. San Francisco: Cengage learning. Kreitner, R., Cassidy, C. (2012). Management (12th ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Siegel, D. (2015). S pecial Issue of Strategic Organization. Strategic Organization Journal, 13(2), 163-165. Volberda, H. (2012). Strategic Flexibility Creating Dynamic Competitive Advantages. Oxford Handbooks Online, 14(3), 23-34. Wood, M. (2013). The marketing plan: A handbook. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.