Maintaining Romantic Relationships

Maintaining Romantic Relationships When two people choose to forge an interpersonal involvement through communication and believe the bond to be romantic, they have chosen to be in a romantic relationship with one another. In the beginning, being in a romantic relationship seems effortless, magical, and exhilarating. This is before conflict arises and negative emotions cause things to get real and bring the relationship down from cloud nine.While enjoying the initial stages of the relationship is important, it is also imperative that the two individuals are simultaneously building a foundation of appreciation, respect, forgiveness, and trust. Without this effort, once the â€Å"honeymoon stage† is over, the relationship will most likely crumble and leave both partakers hurt and confused (McCornack 326). With this said, a romantic relationship is one of the most rewarding, complex, and significant entities in a person’s life, and though it seems as if maintaining one sho uld come easily, at times it can be one of the most difficult challenges.However, if effective communication is executed and both partners share the desire to be together, the challenges of misunderstanding one another and accepting shortcomings can be surmounted and a successful romantic relationship can be achieved. Because there are two people deeply invested emotionally, mentally, and possibly physically in a romantic relationship, the stakes are higher than those in a friendship.The chance of actions and words exchanged causing destruction to a point of no retribution is greater than in a platonic relationship, where forgiveness is more easily granted. In an intimate relationship, both people must meet each other halfway. The inherit nature of the human race is to focus primarily on personal needs, but in a committed romantic relationship it is important that the needs of the other partner are also taken into consideration, which may require compromise on how communication and expression of feelings are exchanged.Typically men are less sensitive than women, causing many unnecessary disagreements between the two. Men need to realize that at times the criticism or suggestions they believe will be helpful actually sound mean and hurtful to women, and women should realize that usually men do not have negative intentions with their blunt words but instead do not know any other way to communicate as they were created to interact that way.A helpful tactic in preserving an intimate relationship is for the couple to be able â€Å"to create and maintain ‘positive illusions’ about each other, that is to be less negative and more kind in their evaluation and feedback of their partners, [which] can help to enhance relationship satisfaction† (â€Å"How to Build & Maintain Happy Intimate Relationships†). This applies to both sides of the relationship. For example, the man can be gentler in his communication and the woman less harassing in hers , resulting in both of them being happier with the way they are treated, bringing them closer together. Partners are happier and more committed when positive interactions between partners outweigh negative ones by a ratio of at least 5:1† (â€Å"How to Build & Maintain Happy Intimate Relationships†). The risks are greater in a romantic relationship than in a platonic one, but so are the rewards, causing the necessary determination and effort worth the gamble. As life progresses, changes are inevitable, and relationships are affected by the continuing evolution of a person’s life.An individual’s wants and needs change as a relationship develops, and this change should be embraced as an opportunity for the relationship to grow and reach a deeper level instead of resisted and ignored. By periodically setting aside time to check in with one another on these changes, the couple can assure that they are aware of the other’s changing expectations and goals , therefore enhancing the intensity of their connection (â€Å"Building a Healthy Relationship from the Start†).Sometimes, couples forget that they must make the conscious effort to keep the relationship going, which leads to it falling into a rut. Thus the exploration of each other’s hobbies and interests is essential in maintaining the excitement of sharing experiences with one another (â€Å"Building a Healthy Relationship from the Start†). Having a significant other is like always having a best friend around, but better because there is affection and deeper feelings involved.The point of a best friend is to have someone to share enjoyable experiences with, so to not include one another in activities and adventures in an intimate relationship is counter-intuitive and defeats one of the main purposes of being in one. Long-term relationships are difficult because sometimes the couple loses sight of why they are together in the first place. They begin to view th e relationship as a job instead of a thrilling, positive addition to their lives.From personal experience, I know that even though avoiding this unfortunate situation sounds simple enough, it can happen all too easily, for I am guilty of it as well. A year ago, after I realized that my relationship with my boyfriend was becoming more stressful than fulfilling, I knew I had to make a change. I told him that I wanted to be â€Å"the cherry on top of his life sundae† and be a positive appendage to his life instead of an exhausting obligation. By this time it was too late and we broke up for a few months.I feel as though if my boyfriend and I had taken the time to sit down and talk to each other about the changes that were occurring in our lives and in our relationship, as well as make the effort to experience fun activities together instead of falling into a routine of going to each other’s houses with the occasional trip to the movie theater, our relationship might not h ave transformed into such a tense monster that seemed to spiral out of our control. When conflict arises, communication is the key to a resolution.Because a common source of conflict is unrealistic or unreasonable expectations, the two members of a relationship must be willing to be open and honest about what they anticipate from one another and whether these expectations are being met (â€Å"Building a Healthy Relationship from the Start†). Each of the romantic partners must be willing to attempt to see the issue from the other’s point of view. Sometimes, the way that conflict is dealt with speaks enormously about a person’s past experiences and family history.No two people have grown up exactly the same, so it is impossible for two people to have the exact same way of dealing with issues. In some families, communication is not a big priority, yet in others it is constant. It is important for an individual to be aware of his or her partner’s background s o that an understanding can be met and communication can effectively solve an issue instead of prolonging it. Another important aspect of solving a conflict is timing. There is no perfect time for a conflict to occur, but the partakers of one have control over when they solve it.In the past, it was believed that it was best to never leave a fight unresolved and that the issue should be fixed immediately; however, it is now recommended that people take some time to â€Å"cool off† so that hurtful things are not said that could potentially cause irreversible damage to the relationship (â€Å"Building a Healthy Relationship from the Start†). This personal time can allow each person to alleviate the initial anger or hurt and rationalize their thoughts.The most important aspect in the approach to solving a conflict is for both partners to do their best to communicate in a way that the other will understand. The main obstacle that makes maintaining a romantic relationship so challenging is that men and women communicate so differently, and it is impossible for them to ever communicate in the same manner no matter how much each of them try. When it comes to communication, men and women are on two completely different planets, stated by the best-selling book, Men are from Mars, Women are from Venus.In this relationship guide, the author John Gray states, â€Å"Men are motivated when they feel needed while women are motivated when they feel cherished† (â€Å"Men are from Mars, Women are from Venus Quotes†). This could not be truer. Men approach the world with the mindset that they are an individual in a hierarchy where life is a contest of social order, while women engage the world â€Å"as an individual in a network of connections† where life is a community and the main focus is to evade isolation and sustain intimacy (Tannen, Ph. D. 24-25).For effective communication to occur, understanding and compromise must be implemented. This i s vital in maintaining a healthy romantic relationship because ineffective communication leads to frustration, confusion, and eventually termination. In order to avoid this, both the man and the woman in the relationship must be willing to accept each other’s way of interacting, even if it seems strange or ridiculous. To many people, opening the lines of communication seems impossible because they view the difficulty of communicating as an inevitable problem and a flaw of the other person.However, this is not the case, and it is achievable as long as both partners are prepared to attempt to see communication from the other’s point of view (Tannen, Ph. D. 297-298). There is no one set way to do anything in life; instead, there are many methods of approaching an issue or situation and the â€Å"right† one depends on personal preference. This applies to maintaining a romantic relationship as well. Each couple has their own unique way of interacting with one another , and in each of those couples, the man and the woman also have different ways of communicating and expressing themselves.John Gray also wrote in his book, â€Å"When men and women are able to respect and accept their differences then love has a chance to blossom† (†Men are from Mars, Women are from Venus Quotes†). A relationship cannot grow without proper communication, and for this to be accomplished both partners must be willing to give up their stubborn pride and come to terms with the fact that their way of handling situations is not the only way. Once this level of respect is present, misunderstandings will be a misfortune of the past.The best approach to maintaining a healthy intimate relationship is to not overlook each other’s flaws and shortcomings but to accept and embrace them. Though this can be challenging and at times overwhelming, the success of maintaining a romantic relationship is one of the most fulfilling triumphs known to mankind. Work s Cited â€Å"Building a Healthy Relationship from the Start. † UT Counseling and Mental Health Center. The University of Texas at Austin. Web. 7 Mar 2013. How to Build & Maintain Happy Intimate Relationships. † Counseling Center Resources Articles and Brochures. Roosevelt University. Web. 9 Mar 2013. McCornack, Steven. Reflect and Relate, an Introduction to Interpersonal Communication. 2nd. Boston: Bedford/st Martins, 2009. 326. Print. â€Å"Men are from Mars, Women are from Venus Quotes. † Goodreads. N. p.. Web. 6 Mar 2013. Tannen, Ph. D. , Deborah. You Just Don't Understand: Women and Men in Conversation. NewYork: William Morrow and Company, Inc. , 1990. Print.

Pttls

1. 1 Summarise key aspects of legislation, regulatory requirements and codes of practice relating to own role and responsibilities I work for Dorset County Council (DCC) as an Area Youth Worker, where I run a Youth Centre in North Dorset. The centre provides a variety of provision and projects within the local community. As part of DCC we are governed by various legislations, regulatory requirements and codes of practice. This could relate in a variety of situations such as the buildings or staff we manage, working with young people in groups or lone working or even with the activities and provisions we provide.These guidelines and requirements are put in place to help protect not just those that we work with but also my staff, visitors and myself. It is important to have a good working understanding of these factors as the below legislation is there to help promote inclusion within the work place and for those that we teach and work with. I will endeavour to go over the key legislat ion that affects my work place below. The Children Act 1989 – The current child protection system is based on the Children Act 1989, which was introduced in an effort to reform and clarify the existing plethora of laws affecting children.Hailed at the time as â€Å"the most comprehensive and far-reaching reform of child law which has come before Parliament in living memory† by the then Lord Chancellor Lord Mackay of Clashfern, it enshrined a number of principles. The paramountcy principle means that a child’s welfare is paramount when making any decisions about a child’s upbringing. The Children Act 1989 sets out in detail what local authorities and the courts should do to protect the welfare of children. It charges local authorities with the â€Å"duty to investigate †¦ f they have reasonable cause to suspect that a child who lives, or is found, in their area is suffering, or is likely to suffer, significant harm† (section 47). Local authorit ies are also charged with a duty to provide â€Å"services for children in need, their families and others† (section 17). It is section 31 of the Children Act 1989 that sets out the NSPCC’s â€Å"authorised person status† which means the NSPCC has the power to apply directly for a court order if it believes a child is suffering or likely to suffer significant harm.The Special Educational Needs and Disability Act 2001 – This makes it unlawful to discriminate against people in respect of their disabilities in relation to employment, the provision of goods and services, education and transport. It also imposes upon public authorities a positive duty to promote disability equality. This will ensure the inclusion of disabled students within all group activities, and also to ensure that their disabilities are fully considered when planning such activities.They must receive full and equal access to education and all associated activities and resources. The Human Rights Act 1998 – (also known as the Act or the HRA) came into force in the United Kingdom in October 2000. It is composed of a series of sections that have the effect of codifying the protections in the European Convention on Human Rights into UK law. All public bodies (such as courts, police, local governments, hospitals, publicly funded schools, and others) and other bodies carrying out public functions have to comply with the Convention rights.This means, among other things, that individuals can take human rights cases in domestic courts; they no longer have to go to Strasbourg to argue their case in the European Court of Human Rights. The Equality Act 2010 – simplifies the old? laws and puts them all together in one piece of legislation. Also, it makes the law stronger in some areas. So depending on your circumstances, the new Act may protect you more. The Equality Act 2010 protects you from things like racial or religious discrimination, harassment, sexual orien tation, gender discrimination or if you have a disability.The Health & Safety at Work Act (1974) – Every individual must be mindful of the following responsibilities. They must take reasonable care for the health and safety of him/her and of other persons who may be affected by his/her acts or omissions at work. They must Co-operate with employers or other persons so far as is necessary to enable them to perform their duties or requirements under the Act. They must not intentionally or recklessly interfere with or misuse anything provided in the interests of health, safety or welfare.It is clearly vitally important for a teacher/tutor to be vigilant and mindful of health and safety issues. Some hazards and the issues which surround them will be constant to all environments. Examples include tripping hazards (laptop cables, bags), and fire safety hazards. Other hazards are going to be very much dependant on the type of environment in which training is taking place and the lear ner group with which the tutor is working. The Education & Skills Act (2008) – was introduced and aimed to increase participation in learning for young people and adults.It puts in place a right for adults to basic and intermediate skills, giving adults a second chance to gain the skills they need to thrive in society and throughout their working lives. As a worker we deal with a number of details regarding the young people and families we work with DCC have use the below guidelines with regards to data protection. The Data Protection Act 1998 (amended 2003). This act covers the protection of personal data.The most important elements to be aware of are the following data protection principles outlined in the act: Data may only be used for the specific purposes for which it was collected. Data must not be disclosed to other parties without the consent of the individual whom it is about, unless there is legislation or other overriding legitimate reason to share the information. Individuals have a right of access to the information held about them, subject to certain exceptions (for example, information held for the prevention or detection of crime).Personal information may be kept for no longer than is necessary and must be kept up to date. Personal information may not be sent outside the European Economic Area unless the individual whom it is about has consented or adequate protection is in place. The departments of an organisation that is holding personal information are required to have adequate security measures in place. Those include technical measures (such as firewalls) and organisational measures (such as staff training). Subjects have the right to have factually incorrect information corrected. . 2 Explain own responsibilities for promoting equality and valuing diversity As a Youth Worker a core value of our work is not only dealing with promoting equality and diversity but also teaching others how to understand and work alongside those with dif fering opinions and values. These values are at the core of the work undertaken within youth work and underpin the standards; recognising that at the heart of all youth work is a young person led approach. The National Youth Agency describes the key purpose of youth work is to†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Enable young people to develop holistically, working with them to facilitate their personal, social and educational development, to enable them to develop their voice, influence and place in society and to reach their full potential’ The following statements, views and vaules are underpinned by the principles of equity, diversity and interdependence, Participation and active involvement Young people choose to be involved, not least because they want to relax, meet friends, make new relationships, to have fun, and to find support.The work starts from where young people are in relation to their own values, views and principles, as well as their own personal and social space, It seeks to go b eyond where young people start, to widen their horizons, promote participation and invite social commitment, in particular by encouraging them to be critical and creative in their responses to their experience and the world around them, ? Equity, diversity and inclusion: Youth workers teach and treat young people with respect, valuing each individual and their differences, and promoting the acceptance and understanding of others, whilst challenging oppressive behaviour and ideas.We promote as well as learn to respect values individual differences by supporting and strengthening young people’s belief in themselves, and their capacity to grow and to change through a supportive group environment. Partnership with young people and others Youth workers actively respond to the wider networks of peers, communities, families and cultures which are important to young people, and through these networks seek to help young people to achieve stronger relationships and collective identitie s, through the promotion of inclusivity.We work in partnership with young people and signposting to other agencies which contribute to young people’s social, educational and personal development. In turn we are able to recognise the young person as a partner in a learning process, complementing formal education through informal education leading to, promoting access to learning opportunities, which enable them to fulfil their potential, ? Personal, social and political development: How young people feel, and not just with what they know and can do, It is through facilitating and empowering the voice of young people, encouraging and? nabling them to influence the environment in which they live. We help promote and lead on safeguarding issues of young people, and provide them with a safe environment in which to ? explore their values, beliefs, ideas and issues. 1. 3 Explain own role and responsibilities in lifelong learning My key role in the LLS will be to help promote youth w ork and deliver items such as 1st aid training. I will help to provide a set of skills, knowledge, understanding and behaviours necessary for any function that a youth work role is likely to perform.This is also underpinned by a set of agreed values and a key purpose in learning. I would hope to promote good practice for my learners so that they would have transferable skills and the confidence to sell themselves positively to employers, education establishments and their peers, setting a benchmark for the experience and competence that is required for them to grow as an individual. 1. 4 Explain own role and responsibilities in identifying and meeting the needs of learners How? As a trainer in the LLS we have a key responsibility in educating others.It takes more than just a well typed up lesson plan with all the fancy thrilly bits and bobs. In order to educate others we need to go through several steps as educators ourselves. I have been on courses where the tutor â€Å"talks the talk† but then doesn’t follow up or put into practice what they are teaching. They are fixed by timings, curriculum’s and other pressures faced when teaching and forget the fundamentals of teaching. By using the above Training Needs Analysis (TNA) as an example of process, it clearly helps us as trainers to identify areas of need and training delivery needed for pupils to succeed.Stage 1 – this stage allows us to gather the information needed on each learner and class sizes. It also allows us to look into appropriate venues and training aids. It would also allow us to signpost to other agencies if you could not meet their needs. Stage 2 – This is for me where the fun begins. As a trainer using stage 1 I’m able to explore and think of new and different techniques and delivery styles, to mix and match activities that I haven’t tried before using the information to hand. This not only revives me as a trainer but I would hope this would al so promote a practical learning environment.Other key areas to consider would be resources need, H&S issues and timings Stage 3 – My preferred way of training style is EDIP; Explanation, Demo, Imitate and Practice. I find this helps promote learning and evolves repetition. I believe repletion is the key to getting students to understand what the aims and objectives are We must also make sure that is inclusive to all, that best engages students, ensuring that ground rules are established and maintained that helps to provide a safe, friendly teaching environment that inspires and motivates students to learn and take part.By using ice breakers enables a safe learning enviroment and back up plans/lessons, as each group will be different. Stage 4 – This is the area that keeps me up all night. It’s not the thought of evaluating, as it is key to get the views and opinions of others; peers and students. Its’ the reflective work I undertake, even when I’m b uzzing from delivering a great session. When using evaluating tools (and there’s 100’s out there) in my experience it’s only a small majority that give you the information needed to improve. Most will tick boxes quickly at the end and put N/A or â€Å"great session† or even â€Å"no lunch provided† in boxes for comments.The best form of evaluation is to try and spend some time at the end or during the course to meet your students and hear what they have to say, this could even happen during a session where you will go off topic or away from your thrilly lesson plan as it meets the current learning needs of the group, but being mindful not to stray to far. The reflection work is key to progression as it allows you to work on improvements, you can also help students with progressive areas or even pat yourself on the back once in a while. 2. Explain the boundaries between the teaching role and other professional roles Working alongside other agencies or governing bodies can create professional barriers. In my opinion governing bodies are there to help maintain good standards within your profession as well as promote good quality assurance. It’s when changes are made/forced upon workers and learners where professional barriers become indistinct. Making sure communication is clear between others is key. Another factor which some professionals are unwilling to admit, is the fear of change. Change can be good if managed well.Unfortunately even if the change is managed well if the workers involved are not inclined to accept this, boundaries and relationships can be fragile. 2. 2 Describe points of referral to meet the needs of learners Within our organisation there are various referral points for learners or people that access our centres. These referral points are a valuable part of what we offer as a service to users of the centre. I would also offer extra help and support to those that I work with by outlining at the start and the end that there is additional support and help to suit your needs.We would try and be as flexible as possible and help with further progression if learners would need it. Likewise some learners are unable to see their potential and I would encourage further learning if I deemed this necessary and appropriate. 2. 3 Summarise own responsibilities in relation to other professionals When working within other professional work places, I work to a very professional standard keeping all parties aware of what it happening. I act in a way that I would expect other workers to conduct themselves if they came to my work place.I would strive to meet all needs required by other professional such as contracts or learning agreements made. Having the title â€Å"professional† doesn’t mean I or others aren’t infallible. We all make mistakes, it’s how we as â€Å"professionals† deal with those mistakes and what learning can be taken from any mistakes made. Lik ewise it is important to share successes with other professionals. 3. 1 Explain own responsibilities in maintaining a safe and supportive learning environment As a trainer you are responsible for a number of key areas as mentioned in from 1. through to this section. Without a safe and supportive environment learning can not take place effectively. To give you an example of this Maslow introduced a ‘Hierarchy of Needs’ (Below) in 1954 after rejecting the idea that human behaviour was determined by childhood events. He felt that there are five needs which represent different levels of motivation which must be met and he also believed that people should be able to move through these needs to the next level provided they are given an education that will promote growth.Self-actualization – morality, creativity, problem solving, etc. Esteem – includes confidence, self-esteem, achievement, respect, etc. Belongingness – includes love, friendship, intimacy, family, etc. Safety – includes security of environment, employment, resources, health, property, etc. Physiological – includes air, food, water, sex, sleep, other factors towards homeostasis, etc. 3. 2 Explain ways to promote appropriate behaviour and respect for others This is an important part of any work that I undertake with students of all ages.I’m sure that at every training session you go to there will be the â€Å"ground rules flipchart†. Now although ground rules are important, this exercise cannot just promote a healthy and safe learning environment, it can act as an ice breaker too. But how many times has the ground rules sheet been referred to again. With adults very rarely as we should all be aware of the boundaries needed with a group situation. With young learners you may need to refer to the ground rules chart on more than one occasion.But with a whole list that the learners came up with at the start of a daunting first session, will they remember what was said? A process that I have found to be highly successful is after the learners have come up with their long list of do’s and don’ts is to summarize this process with an easy process that is not only practical but effective as well. HARmony – â€Å"For people to get along with one another† is just one definition If you take the 1st three letters of harmony you have Honesty – if your honest with yourself and othersAwareness – If you aware of your feeling or what you say and aware of other thoughts, opinions and beliefs Responsibility – take responsibility for yourself and others Just these 3 key words can summarize any ground rules and allow you as a trainer to refer to these key words within any positive or negative situation and also allows others to get on with one another. References: NSPCA – http://www. nspcc. org. uk/Inform/research/questions/child_protection_legislation_in_the_uk_pdf_wdf48953. pdf The Da ta Protection Act 1998 (amended 2003) – http://www. legislation. gov. k The Equality Act 2010 – http://www. homeoffice. gov. uk/equalities/equality-act/ Special Educational Needs and Disability Act 2001 – http://www. ukcle. ac. uk/resources/directions/previous/issue4/senda/ Education & Skills Act (2008) – http://www. legislation. gov. uk Employment Equality (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2003 – http://www. legislation. gov. uk The Gender Recognition Act 2004 – http://www. legislation. gov. uk Health & Safety at Work Act (1974) – http://www. hse. gov. uk/legislation/hswa/ National Youth Agency http://www. learning-theories. com/maslows-hierarchy-of-needs. html

Classroom Analysis Essay

1. Why is a schoolroom a illumination of a greater society? A schoolroom is a illumination of a greater society because it is where all basic and formal acquisition begins ; where all the proper and acquisition of cognition takes topographic point. It is a portion of the society that engages in advancing and fixing scholars for more and broader undertaking. function and duty. The instructor or professor plays the function of the leader/monarch. while the pupils are the citizens. The citizens are supposed to follow the regulations and Torahs of the society ( category ) that the leaders ( instructors ) set. In every schoolroom. there are different sorts of people: Those who work hard. those who play hard. those who do both. those who do neither. In society. you besides acquire these sorts of people. There will besides likely be small coteries. in this instance. representative of little groups in society. Then there are the high category. those who fly past everything without enlistments. the in-between category who get by. and the lower categor y who are truly fighting to maintain up with the coursework. The instructor may offer remedial Sessionss. which can be compared to any public assistance packages that the authorities decides to manus out. 2. What are found in the schoolrooms that are similar to what can be observed in society? It can establish at that place the leader that serves as the instructor and the people serves as the pupils. All they do are similar with what can we see in the society. The instructor led the pupils to cognize about a certain thing that builds them to go a better person ; the same within a society a president. city manager. or a Brgy. Chairman leads its people to construct a harmonious relationship among others. The Discussion and interaction among the scholars and the instructors in advancing cognition ; integrity. cooperation and creativity in carry throughing given undertaking and duties ; holding a harmonious relationship on each and every member of the category and the installations and equipment for larning and development.

Current Diverse Environmental Events Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Current Diverse Environmental Events - Essay Example According to Davis (1), a ban must exist on activities that emit CO2. This article implies that there can be maintenance of climate change using appropriate technology. Such technologies include the introduction of wedges. Throughout this article, there are suggestions that current technologies are insufficient in the reduction of carbon emissions. The creation of new ways to manage dangerous emissions is extremely necessary. This article recommends that there needs to be establishment of policies that would reduce these emissions. For example, the article implies that policies need to conduct advanced research that will probably discover safe ways of creating energy. There also needs to be additional efforts that will reduce all these emissions that keep affecting the environment. Another article by the US Department of Energy reports the benefits of proper carbon dioxide storage. Hakun (1) depicts that it is possible for permanent arrest of diverse green house gases. The article al so states that the available storage spaces in the US can arrest these gases from their respective sources. An example of CO2 storage facility is the atlas 4 that has current updates on the emissions. This article explains the details of the atlas that include the following. The first is the ability of the atlas to detect all the locations of potential carbon dioxide deposits. The final article by Eisenberg suggests that people need to check the emissions of CO2 in the air. This is because there is an extremely rapid growth in the levels of C02 emissions across the globe. In this article, she reports the relevance of carbon engineering to the environment. The article further explains that it is possible for industries to store these gases and later sell them. She highlights diverse ways of harvesting CO2 and proves that the entire process is advantageous. In the article, one notices that direct air capture of CO2.

Therapeutic Horseback Riding and Autism Term Paper

Therapeutic Horseback Riding and Autism - Term Paper Example This paper examines the effects of therapeutic horseback riding as a mode of treating autistic spectrum disorders with a focus on its effect on the physical and behavioral aspect of the child under the treatment program. This study examined the symptoms and behavior associated with autistic spectrum behavior that may change when children suffering from it are placed under the therapeutic horseback riding as an alternative intervention in treating children with autism disorder. In getting the desired results, the research hypothesized whether therapeutic horseback riding is an effective method of treating behavior and symptoms associated with autistic spectrum disorders and the reaction of the children with such disorders. The question as to whether children suffering from autistic spectrum disorder who undergo therapeutic horseback riding report a change in their behavior and physical well-being as compared to the time when they had not undergone the therapy. Therapeutic Horseback Ri ding in Managing Autistic Spectrum Disorder According to a study conducted by Kern et al (2011) amongst forty one children suffering from autism spectrum disorders (ASD), children who participated in the therapeutic horseback riding as a means of treating autism had a reduced Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) as compared to those who did not participate in the program. The study compared participants who either dropped before enrolling in the program while others completed the time under which they were on a waiting list period of three months. Others simply did not enroll in the therapeutic horse-riding program due to reasons or circumstances beyond their... This term paper describes the symptoms of autism, that are unique to individuals and therefore should not be taken as general amongst those suffering from it. However, there are common deficits in the disorder such as delays in the social interaction of individuals, deficits in communication, absence of imagination and repetitive behavior that may go unrecognized by those suffering from the disorder. This term paper states that there is no single mode of treating persons with Autistic Spectrum Disorders nowadays, but there are several ways that have been proposed to suppress the symptoms and capitalize on the experiences and the results, such as therapeutic horseback riding. While there is a disagreement of a known method of treatment for this disorder, animal-assisted programs like therapeutic horseback riding has been proved and adopted as an effective method of treating or curing the autism disorder especially in children as it has demonstrated remarkable improvement in the behavi oral problems and social activity. In conclusion of this term paper, the researcher recommends horseback riding as a therapy for managing autism as it has the overall effect of improving the concentration of the participant, his patience and tolerance and instills confidence in dealing with uncertainties and fears. This term paper also concludes some positive effects of improving communication skills by teaching the rider with ASD how to give instructions and express how he feels.

Essay03 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Essay03 - Essay Example Even if one does not have the money to buy the product, an individual can still access it. An example is fireworks. Whether you pay for it or not, if it is set off everyone will enjoy the lights. In contrast, the accessibility of a private product is determined by the owner, and the buyer can do with it as he pleases once he purchases it. A private product, say a car, for instance, individuals have to compete to buy it, and once one buys it the buyer excludes others from buying it. First, comparing costs and benefits in contagious disease control is extremely difficult because it requires examining needs and taking into account the constraints from which to compare them. Hence, determining the optimal utility for each person becomes difficult because there are those will overstate or understate its value (Samuelson & Marks, 483). Secondly, there is the difficulty of estimating the marginal benefits and marginal costs in money terms. As far as possible, the management of contagious disease must be based on minimum costs. However, it is difficult to determine the standard units when comparing costs and benefits (Samuelson & Marks, 475). Finally, it becomes difficult to compare costs and benefits of the program especially if there is unsatisfactory information (Samuelson & Marks, 484). Thus, true costs and benefits of contagious disease control can only be sufficiently compared when there is perfect information of the program (Samuelson & Marks, 484). Basically, equity is often ignored based on the assumption that the gain by one person will offset the loss by another (Samuelson & Marks, 475). Thus, the marginal utility remains stable. Another rationale is that even if equity is unsatisfactory, often no one is made worse off. Rather, there is someone who is made better. The third reason is the lack of an objective way to evaluate the value of

The Life of Oliver Cromwell Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Life of Oliver Cromwell - Research Paper Example Cromwell became Cambridge’s Member of Parliament, in 1628. However, he did not make any significant development, during his tenure as a member of parliament. This is because his tenure did not last long when Charles I dissolved parliament and ruled alone for 11 years before the Bishops of the Scott forced him to recall parliament due to lack of money (Carlyle & Sanderson 67). Cromwell returned to parliament and served only for three weeks as a member of parliament for Cambridge. This was called â€Å"the short parliament† because it existed for only three weeks. A long-term parliament was elected that same year and Cromwell returned as a member for Cambridge. He was forced to table ridiculous petitions before the house such as that of the release of John Liburne, who was arrested for importing religious tracts from Holland, because he owed his position to the elite, in parliament. Cromwell also linked himself to a religious group, which contained members from both the H ouse of Lords and House of Commons. On behalf of this religious group, he also tabled a motion for the abolition of episcopacy, which was called the â€Å"Root and Branch Bill† (Carlyle & Sanderson 76).The only experience Cromwell had in relation to military matters was the band training. However, he recruited his own cavalry troop and blocked a valuable silver shipment that was meant for the king. This was after his troop gained a lot of recognition and was formally incorporated into the formal army. to form part of the Eastern Association during the winter (Gardiner 8). Cromwell continued to gain a lot of experience by winning a few battles such as the battle of Gainsborough, which made him appointed as the governor of Ely and colonel of the Eastern Association. He entered the English civil war on the side of the parliamentarians who were nicknamed the â€Å"Old Ironsides† or â€Å"Roundheads† to become one of the principle commanders, in the New Model Army (B ritannica Concise Encyclopedia). Here, he played a significant role in the defeat of the royalist forces at the battle of Marston Moor. Cromwell’s military strategies though he had not undergone through any form of training were exemplary. His ability to train and lead his men and the invention of the close order military formation with his troops riding knee to knee made it more difficult for opponents to penetrate them (Carlyle & Sanderson 46).

Organizational Structure of Ford Company Term Paper

Organizational Structure of Ford Company - Term Paper Example The organization structures of the current era thus operate based on matrix networks which are governed by functional and product heads like Vice Presidents. The management team of the company felt that increased dependence on a decentralized organizational structure failed to make optimal utilization of the existing resource base. Thus the company again shifted back to a centralized mode in which specific posts were created for different functions which would be headed by functional heads. These functional heads would manage the global operations of the company through the effective collaboration of regional heads. The company management found that shifting back to the centralized organizational management structure helped in solving many issues pertaining to authority and delegation of responsibilities. However, the company management also worked in the encouragement of extensive teamwork in the concern. Through effective teamwork, the human resources within the company collaborate d with each other in a cross-functional, manner. This cross-functional relationship helped the people to develop on their skills and productive capacities (Hill and Jones, 2009, p.454). Analysis of Ford’s Organization Structure The analysis of the organization structure of Ford can be conducted based on the comparison and contrasting such with the other two types of organization structures. Another such structure with which the organization structure of Ford can be compared is the Line or Bureaucratic Structure. Organizations operating based on bureaucratic or line structures operate based on an authoritative relationship in which orders tend to flow from top to bottom. In such structures, there is very little scope for flexibility. The human resources in such organization are required to only implement the decisions taken by the upper authority with little chances of innovating on such processes or methods. This fact tends to create a large amount of morbidity in the enterpr ise and thereby disturbs the productivity of the concern.  

Gift-Giving and Exchange as an Important Element in Japanese Society Essay

Gift-Giving and Exchange as an Important Element in Japanese Society - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the research that along with the Confucian values, wrote Ilchman, Katz, and Queens, in particular, the value of humaneness, such obligation extend outwards to teachers, relatives, close neighbors and business associates. Japanese companies, for instance, allocate funds for equitable compensation to employees for ceremonial events or kankonsosai. Such importance given to the exchange of gifts allows the act to pervade in Japanese ceremonies and customs that is why it reveals a wealth of information in regard to Japanese rituals. There are four classifications of occasions or instances when gift-giving is required among the Japanese: life-cycle ceremonies, gift-giving occasions regulated by the calendar, emergencies that cause sudden deprivations and special events that call for prompt gift-giving. These occasions are diverse and are consistently well defined, and most importantly for this study, associated with particular rituals. They also entail Japanese p rinciples that are the basis of rituals and ceremonies. These include the concepts of obligation, duty, reciprocity, among others. Gift-giving is a prominent element in life-cycle ceremonies or â€Å"rite of passage† events and therefore provide a wealth of insights on the rituals that define these stages and the growth phases between them. As it is, people are preoccupied with gift-giving in birth, marriage, and death of people as well as in education, wedding anniversary, etc. In so many instances, gift-giving becomes a means of exchange –a kind of exchange that articulates obligation. For instance, during a wedding, there is normally a table outside of the hall where the wedding takes place. Young people sat behind this table and they are tasked to collect the money contained in envelopes given by arriving guests. What is interesting, perhaps for most foreigners, is that the amount contained in the envelope is strictly recorded along with the name of its giver.

Managing for the future Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

Managing for the future - Essay Example A detailed analysis of the management efforts put by the organizational leaders in the past decade would be presented later on. Additionally, the company’s management competence in the three chosen spheres would be examined by contrasting their past performances against their present proficiency in these aspects and by developing the scenario of the future in which the company would operate. This paper in no way presents a business report of ExxonMobil or its market analysis. It aims at successfully achieving the objective of this study, i.e., to make a historical analysis of the company, to study the management’s competence and to make a forecast of the company’s stand in the near future. The study is initiated with the key concepts in relation to the company background. Then the current achievements of the company will be discussed in light of these concepts and the critical view of the activities of the company would be presented in accord with the theoretical models and existing public opinion that affects the operations of the company. ExxonMobil: Company Profile Exxon Mobil Corporation, known as ExxonMobil, is a multinational corporation based in America (Exxonmobil, 2013a). It is the largest international publicly traded oil and gas company in the world with its headquarters located in Irving at Texas in the United States (Fleminggulf, 2013). The company came into being in its present form after the two companies Exxon and Mobil merged on November 30 in the year 1999. After the merger of Exxon and Mobil, the company has become a powerful organisation globally. The industry is becoming increasingly more competitive with the passing of each day and ExxonMobil is now considered an efficient global competitor. The performance of the company affects the world economy to a great extent. In 2012 ExxonMobil and Rosneft (a Moscow based oil and gas company) forged a joint venture for materializing a sweeping plan of exploring the massive shale formation in the Arctic and Siberian region. Exxon has announced that once this objective becomes successful the joint venture between the two companies would yield up to US $500 billion in different investments to be made by the companies in the future years. Presently, the company along with the â€Å"state owned Turkiye Petrolleri AO (TPAO)† (Fleminggulf, 2013) of Turkey is negotiating with the Turkey government to explore the estimated â€Å"15 trillion cubic feet of recoverable shale gas† (Fleminggulf, 2013) reserves located in Turkey. Currently, the company supplies energy to the other countries. It helps these countries particularly the growing economies in advancing themselves and improving the living standards in their countries (Exxonmobil, 2013b). The company goals are aligned with their social responsibilities and it utilizes its business strengths to establish an example of corporate citizenship that might be emulated by other companies. Defining the conc epts In this section the different concepts related to the three chosen areas for this study would be defined and explained. Every business operation is run with a profit motive. Popular belief holds that success is measured in business through measurement of the company’s financial returns, amount of dividend pay-outs and also the company’s liquidity standings. These are the financial measures of busines performance that concentrates mainly on the

Deforestation and the effects on the environment with philosophical Essay

Deforestation and the effects on the environment with philosophical theoretical issues - Essay Example Current paper focuses on the expansion of deforestation as a critical environmental problem in countries internationally. Emphasis is given on the potential explanation of deforestation using appropriate philosophical approaches. As already noted, deforestation affects all aspects of life; its evaluation could be therefore initiated using philosophy, which has highly contributed in the explanation of critical social phenomena, such as the response of individuals to environmental threats. It is made clear that deforestation can be explained using philosophy, but the assumptions made can be differentiated under the influence of the local social ethics and beliefs but also the level of the willingness of the local government to guarantee the protection of natural environment. In any case, it seems that the expansion of deforestation is difficult to be controlled, even if appropriate initiatives are developed for urging individuals to respond dynamically to the particular problem. In acc ordance with a relevant study, ‘between the years 1950 and 1982 tropical forests worldwide shrank by between 25% and 40%’ (Babin 2004, p.63). ... This is the economic aspect of deforestation. It seems that the most important effects of deforestation are not related to the market. Indeed, forests can secure biodiversity and help towards ‘the regulation of climate’ (Montagnini 2005, p.115). At the same time, forests are valuable in controlling floods and keeping carbon at low levels (Montagnini 2005). In the study of Goudie (2006) reference is made to the role of forests in controlling the flow of river water, keeping the temperature of the water at a specific level and affecting the ingredients of stream water. Indeed, in accordance with the above researcher, forests help in the development of a chemistry process through which the ingredients of stream water are secured, at the level that the forests are ‘important sources of nutrients’ (Goudie 2006, p.152). The aesthetic aspect of forests cannot be ignored. At the same time, forests are used as areas of leisure, enhancing the relationship between the humans and the natural environment. However, their value is often disregarded. Strong financial interests promote deforestation with no prior planning, leading, among other consequences, to severe turbulences on climate worldwide. As Montagnini (2005) notes the development of deforestation internationally reveals the inability of governments to introduce effective plans in regard to sustainability and management of natural resources. Moreover, the expansion of deforestation indicates the lack of willingness to control economic interests of multinationals, which hold the major responsibility for the radical increase of deforestation the last decade. From this point of view, deforestation cannot

Comparing coverage in two different Newspapers Essay Example for Free

Comparing coverage in two different Newspapers Essay The incident covered in the two articles I have studied was a train fire in the Austrian ski resort of Kaprun on Saturday 11th November 2000. The first article I looked at was in the tabloid paper the Sunday Express. The second article I looked at was in the broadsheet paper the Observer. The two articles were very similar but had some differences. Both the articles emphasised that British people were among those that had died. The Sunday Express said Britons among 170 victims and The Observer said Britons among 170 dead The Observer also stated that children died Children among victims. Although both articles covered the same subject and seemed to emphasise the greatness of the tragedy, they had different approaches, The Sunday Express article was sensationalist and over emotive inferno as it tore through carriages The Observers article was a calmer and more concise report and, within a few minutes, almost everyone on board was dead. The articles both contained similar factual information. In the Article in the Sunday Express, facts were intertwined with opinions and emotive language. engulfing tourists in temperatures of up to 1,000 degrees Centigrade. The Observer had some emotive language but seemed to keep the facts separate which reached temperatures of more than 1,000 C The only discrepancy between the two articles was over the initial cause of the fire. The Sunday Express interviewed a cable car technical expert Klaus Einsenkolb. He said that either a short circuit in the batteries or the possibility that someone had started it with a naked flame was more likely, This was their only reference to the cause of the fire. The Observer had many different statements about the cause of the fire. Yesterdays fire is believed to have startedafter one of the cables that pull the train up the mountain snapped, apparently starting the blaze They also had a statement from the local company Gletscherbahn Kaprun who owned the train. Due to a fire in the tunnel there was a shorting in the electrical circuit, consequently causing the train to catch fire. They also interviewed Klaus Einsenkolb, but stated nothing about his opinions of what caused the fire as in The Sunday Express. Both articles used similar language, but The Sunday Express used more emotive variations of language to put across the same point. The Sunday Express said the harrowing task today of identifying 170 young skiers burned alive The Observer stuck to the facts, however, some sensationalist language was used. 170 people were killed yesterday when a fire engulfed an Austrian funicular train The Sunday Express sensationalised the incident by using words like inferno and disaster repeatedly throughout their report. This created a mood in the article, expressing how terrible this tragedy was. Despite The Observer being a broadsheet paper, their article also used this type of language, such as inferno and tragedy. I think this also was used to create the mood. The underlying feeling in The Observers report was that this incident could have been prevented or its consequences reduced, had their been adequate safety measures and better maintenance. Manfred Muller, security director for the railway, admitted that there had been no emergency fire fighting equipment in the tunnel, or on the train The journalists use of admitted in this sentence supports his views that safety precautions were inadequate. After reading this article the reader was left with the impression it was just a terrible accident. Yesterdays disaster was the second tragedy to hit Kitzsteinhorn this year. announced a criminal investigation into the tragedy. No blame seemed to be pointed at anyone in this article. The Sunday Express article contained many interviews and comments from people involved with the incident. Most of the people interviewed were officials linked with the accident, like Norbert Karlsboeck, the town mayor of Kaprun, and Franz Schausberger the Salzburg governor. Mr Karlsboeck said: I did not realise the full extent of the catastrophe Salzburg governor Franz Schausberger said: I have declared a day of mourning. We can presume that everyone still on board the train is dead. They were commenting on their feelings about the incident. Klaus Eisenkolb, a cable car technician who worked on the planning of the line was also interviewed and spoke of what he thought about the occurrence of this incident and what could have possibly caused it. One witness and one survivor were also quoted. The Observer had fewer people interviewed, but had interviews with relatives and witnesses. They also had a statement from the company who owned the train, Gletscherbahn Kaprun, who commented on their feelings about this incident. In a statement, the company said: We and the whole town of Kaprun are in mourning. An unidentified man whose son had gone skiing that day, and a deacon were also interviewed. This gave the article a more personal feel, as the reader felt that they could relate to the people whos lives had been affected by this and so understand the tragedy better. The layout of these reports was very different. Article I had a large bold headline on the front cover saying INFERNO in capital letters, to draw peoples attention. There was also a large illustration of one of the survivors with a caption. There was then a double page spread. On the first side of the double spread was a pull quote in large bold letters Theres no hope left, the fumes were just terrible next to another illustration of a survivor with a caption. This would also get peoples attention; the reader may look at the pictures and then want to read on. Under the title was a diagram of the mountainside with text pointing out where the events took place. This was quite easy to understand and gave the basic information. Inside that diagram was another diagram showing where Kaprun was in context to Austria and then to the rest of Europe. The text was in columns around these illustrations. The double page was split into three blocks of text, an individual report started on the second page written by Greg Swift, a continuance of the first article by David Dillon, and then an additional report: Rising tide of Alpine tragedies. The Observer had a medium sized headline Inferno in the Alps in bold letters. Underneath was a large illustration of a survivor (the same as in article 1) with a caption. The article was started with two large bullet points, which would grab the readers attention. There was then a tiny diagram of where in Austria the incident took place, and where it was in relation to Europe. The article was again written in columns. It then too went to a double page. The headline on this double page A couple of breaths and they were lost was also a pull quote, keeping the readers attention. There was a block of pictures with quotes in the top centre of the pages showing the rescue team, survivors and their families, and the train. This was really effective. The block of pictures would really attract the readers attention, urging them to read the article. There was a large diagram showing a picture of the mountainside and where the tunnel was, and then a diagram of the actual train, showing in steps what happened and when. This diagram was very clear, showing exactly what happened in an easily understandable way. The double page was again split into sections of text. There was the main report by Denis Staunton, and then two smaller reports. One was by Jason Burke telling how former British Olympic skier Martin Bell feared that some of his friends could have been on the train. This linked the incident back to this country and how it affected people here. The other was by Anthony Browne, talking of worries over how many recent tragic accidents have occurred in the Alps. I think that the article that explained what happened and suggested the full horror of this incident more effectively was the article from The Observer. I felt that the way in which it was written managed to create a balance between putting across the facts but still expressing the horror of the tragedy. I think because the facts were not clouded with opinions, they were easier to understand. I thought that the double page spread was particularly effective. The pictures were clearer and attracted the readers attention. The diagram on the double page was very clear and easy to understand. It showed exactly what happened in stages, with information about the mountain and the tunnel. I also thought that the headline Inferno in the Alps on the front page was really effective. It gave enough information for you to know what had happened but was short enough for the reader to read at a glance. I felt that The Sunday Express article was more difficult to understand as there were fewer facts and the writing was very opinionated. Also because there were fewer interviews with people who were directly affected by the incident, such as survivors, and relatives of victims, it wasnt as easy to relate to that article. There was less text in general, as much of the space was taken up by large illustrations and headlines. Although the articles seemed to be similar they had differences which although may not be drastically apparent I felt they made a big difference to the effectiveness and success of the articles.

Current ethical issue of abortion

Current ethical issue of abortion Abortion in relation to Natural Moral Law and Utilitarian Ethics Aran Cauchi The current ethical issue of abortion is a broad and complex ethical issue which can be approached from many moral and ethical directions. Two such directions can be the deontological Natural Moral Law and the teleological or consequentialist Utilitarian ethics. Abortion, from the Latin aborior, to pass away, is an induced termination of a pregnancy. Historically, as today, an abortion is the focal point of much controversy. The laws governing abortion have changed considerably in the last fifty years to accommodate abortion as an option for a pregnant woman. A landmark US case giving a mother right to wilful abortion occurred in 1973 set in motion by a woman called Jane Roe in Dallas, Texas. Roe wished to terminate her pregnancy, but in Texas at the time, only victims of rape or incest could procure a legal abortion. The case reached the Supreme Court where the judges ruled that abortion was a constitutional right to women, overturning laws in every state which denied abortion to women through medically qualified doctors. Abortion is now legally allowed in many western countries for women. Since the legality of abortions came into effect, much debate has occurred from opposite so called pro-choice and pro-life groups, gathering many argumen ts from both deontological and teleological ethics. Utilitarianismis the idea that themoral worthof an action is determined solely by its contribution to overallutility: that is, its contribution to happiness or pleasure as summed among all people.[1] Utilitarianism places no emphasis on whether an action is right or wrong, right is only so once the pleasure has been decided to outweigh the pain in the circumstances resulting from the decision. Pleasure, in early Utilitarian thinking, was only concerned with the physical, e.g. being well fed. John Stuart Mill later argued that pleasure was also quantifiable in intellectual and spiritual terms. These higher pleasures he argued outweighed the lower pleasures. Mill proposed, for example being well fed, at the expense of a mans spirituality was a lesser pleasure, and in effect, not as right as a spiritually enlightened man who was hungry. The hungry man experiences higher pleasure, as spiritual enlightenment lasts significantly longer than the feeling of being well fed. Consequentialist Utilitarians would argue that abortion is an entirely neutral act. The consequences resulting from the abortion determine the rightness. A specific system of measuring the pleasure against pain can be utilised called Hedonic Calculus. Hedonic Calculus first proposed by Jeremy Bentham, measures pleasure/pain through eight categories: Certainty Duration Extent Intensity Remoteness Richness Purity[2] This calculus subjectively determines if the pain outweighs the pleasure in a scenario of a potential abortion. A mother may need an abortion to save her own life if it is in peril due to her pregnancy, she cannot afford to leave her children motherless. This scenario, shown through Hedonic Calculus allows abortion to be the right choice as 1. There is a high certainty the mother will die, 2. The duration of mourning for the family would be very long as would the duration of risk to her other children, 3. The pain and suffering for her surviving family would be very great and so on. A different scenario in which the mother seeks an abortion so she can go on a holiday would be morally wrong as from categories: 2. the pleasure of a child will last years compared to that of a comparatively short holiday, 4. The intensity of the pleasure of a child is much greater and higher significance as it is emotional and spiritual than a physical and emotional holiday. The taking of a life can be justified in Utilitarianism as there are no standing rules of what is right or wrong for a general scenario, i.e. abortion. Every circumstance is different and warrants a separate evaluation to determine the correct action. Natural law is a branch of deontological ethics, deon meaning duty in Latin. Natural lawor thelaw of natureis a theory that posits the existence of a law whose content is set bynatureand that therefore has validity everywhere.[3] These laws, created by God, are discernible to all peoples and are thought of as moral absolutes, natural moral law theory implies that wediscovermorality we do notinventit,'(J.P. Moreland, What Is Natural Moral Law). It is mans duty to be rational, and as God is rational too, it is rational that humans must love God. Thomas Aquinas, a figurehead for natural moral law proposed five primary precepts and other secondary precepts. The primary precepts proposed where: The continuation of the species through procreation The education of children The desire to live in society The worship of God The preservation of the self These precepts are considered in natural moral law to be the most basic aspirations of all humans. Aquinas believed that all humans wished to do good and follow the precepts but through ignorance to the Natural Moral Law, some could do wrong. Aquinas argued that good ethical decisions could be arrived at by reason alone. Humans have the power of deducing what is good and what is wrong through application of their conscience. Natural Law, being deontological, imposes inalienable rules that cannot be broken. Natural Law can be seen as order provided by nature which exists for a purpose. A common criticism of Utilitarianism would be the difficulty of its real world application. The theory of a decision may be morally sound, but the limitless unexpected permutations prevent proper ethical conduct from occurring once theory is put to practice. The Tribunal of the Holy Office, a catholic authority was once queried on the 4th of May, 1898 as to whether a foetus was allowed to be removed from its womb before natural course did so. The tribunal resolved that there was no exception to natural birth, even inducing premature labour with the intention of saving the babys life. However, if life saving surgery were to be performed on the mother, which would have consequences on the growing foetus, it should not be maintained that the fetal(sic)lifeis thereby directly attacked. Theevilis not made a means to obtain thegoodeffect; for this would be to doevilthatgoodmight come of it.'[4] This fulfils the Natural Law requirement of the act of being good as separate from the concept of doing good. To be morally correct, one must not embark on a course of action which is right purely to obtain an evil or vain end. The right must be to cause neutral or correct consequences. This certainty of rules and moral action allows the system of Natural Law to be an unquestionable authority if placed alongside Utilitarian ethics which are in permanent flux. The Catholic Church supports the notion of ensoulment, where at conception a foetus is given a soul by God. A soul is viewed as a separate form to the physical body, but is linked inextricably until death. The act of abortion goes against the first precept of Natural Law, denying the continuation of the species through abortion. Even if that abortion would lead to saving a life, the authority to kill a foetus does not rest in humans hands. It is inhumane to end the life of a baby, as natural law theory holds;one may never directly intend to kill an innocent human being[5]. After conception, Natural Law argues that the foetus is human so is equal in right to life as its mother. There is no greater worth placed on the mother living than the child as both are considered equal. Utilitarianism would argue against the inflexibility of the rules of Natural Law regarding to the preservation of a childs life. Utilitarians would argue that greater suffering may be caused by the preservation of a foetus life. The mother of the child may be a chronic drug addict, and the chances of the baby growing up disadvantaged are high. It could be argued that the mother may not be fit to care for a child and the child would suffer a hard life, through mal-parenting and possible separation from the mother in later years. A possible course of action would be a wilful abortion by the mother to prevent suffering of a child. The rigidity of Natural Law allows no exceptions to be made, even if the pleasure resulting from an abortion vastly outweighs the pain. This rigidity of laws could cause unnecessary harm to many people. Correct decision making can stem from both deontological and consequentialist ethics. While Natural Moral Law argues that the laws of nature are absolute, Utilitarianism argues that no laws constantly serve the greatest good, and only through flexibility can good be achieved. The primary precepts of Natural Law indicate clearly that abortion is wrong so far as the taking of an innocent life, and interrupting the natural result of procreation. Utilitarianism states that abortion, like all actions is an entirely neutral act until the consequences are evaluated. Both ethical systems allow an opportunity for an individual to formulate an understanding of, and ethically right decision on abortion. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utilitarianism http://tutor2u.net/blog/index.php/religious-studies/comments/abortion-and-ethical-theory/ Natural Law,International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01046b.htm http://www.lifeissues.net/writers/irv/irv_08natlaw.html

Teenagers And Cosmetic Surgery

Teenagers And Cosmetic Surgery Should Teenagers be Allowed to Undergo Cosmetic Surgery? Cosmetic surgery, known as a medical specialty concerned with the correction or restoration of form and function. ( Wikipedia Dictionary) Perhaps since the beginning of the time, self-improvement have been essential to the humankind. So, it is not surprise that the cosmetic surgery may be one of the worlds oldest healing arts. According to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS), as far back as 4000 years ago, documented evidence exists of medical treatment for facial injuries.( ASPS, 2012 ) The first plastic surgeon was an American doctor, Dr. John Peter Mettauer. He carried out his first cleft palate operation in the year 1827 with instruments he handcrafted by himself. (Costhetics, 2009 ) Today, cosmetic surgery has been increased dramatically in the medical field as everybody seems to be obsessed with the Hollywood celebrity style image. Teenagers, especially girls, always find the ways to enhance their appearance for the reason of please someone else. The ASPS reports th at there have almost 219,000 cosmetic procedures done on people age 13 to 19 in 2009. There are many reasons that could affect a teenager to seek cosmetic surgery. The common reasons for cosmetic surgery among teenagers are peer pressure, media stereotypes, Body Dysmorphic Disorder and depression. (Pitsilis, 2009) Although cosmetic surgery may improve the confidence level of teenagers, it should not be allowed due to negative effects in terms of the physical, psychology and financial aspects. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to point out the incomplete physical, incomplete psychology and the financial burden of teenagers who seek cosmetic surgery. Teenagers should not be allowed to undergo cosmetic surgery as many teens body are still growing. The incomplete physical status may cause the teenagers have to redone the surgery as their body grew. Many adolescent girls who want to carry out the breast augmentation procedure due to breast asymmetry which means the size of one breast is different with other. (ASPS, 2012) In order to get the best result, the patient should delay the surgery until breast mature. It is because the benefits of surgery would be negate if the surgery carried out on a feature that has not yet full-grown. Besides that, another example of a surgery that is not advisable to do for the young teens is liposuction. Liposuction is a procedure that suck out excess fat under the skin. This procedure does not make sense to do because young teens may lose their weigh as they grew. Therefore, teenagers should not undergo the cosmetic surgery when they are young and the cosmetic surgeon should not touch the body that i s not yet full-grown. Although there are no clinical tests on the safety and long term effects of the cosmetic surgery for young teens, teenagers should not allowed to undergo cosmetic surgery. It is due to the surgery may cause harm later. Studies by implant manufacturers report that most women have at least one serious complication within the first 3 years, including infection, hematomas and seromas, capsular contracture, loss of nipple sensation, and hypertrophic scarring.( Zuckerman, 2005) Therefore, teenagers should not be allowed from doing cosmetic surgery as a premature surgery may cause many problems to teens in future. Another reason that the teenagers should not be allowed undergo cosmetic surgery is their psychology incomplete. Most of the teenagers could not make a mature decision as they do not have the realistic expectation about the cosmetic surgery. They believe the surgery can change their life dramatically, such as a change in popularity status.( Odunze, 2011 ) Such unrealistic expectation will disappointed the teens even the result of surgery is acceptable. So, the cosmetic surgery is not a wise choice for teens who do not know the limitation of surgery. Furthermore, most of the teens do not have experience about the cosmetic surgery as it is their first time to get the cosmetic surgery. Therefore, they have no idea how pain of the incisions and how long of the recovery time. ( Odunze, 2011) Cosmetic surgery is a dangerous idea for teenagers as their decision always based on impulse. They are going to see the positive but never think about the negative. (Woinarowicz, 2007) They do not realize the risk of surgery even they are going to it. Therefore, the cosmetic surgery should not be carried out for teenagers as they do not know the negative. Moreover, teenagers should reconsider if they want to undergo cosmetic surgery. It is because they always neglect the views of society that may be the pressure of them after they got the surgery. They may receive less respect from their peer and even squeezed out by their friends. ( Crump, 2012 )So, the cosmetic surgery should not should not easy access by the young teens. Another reason that the cosmetic surgery should not be an option to teenagers is that they are obsessed with their looks. Most teenagers have some kind of dissatisfaction with their bodies. Then, they may seek cosmetic surgery as they believe that it can solve their problem. The peers also could affect how the teens view their body. When a friend says a negative comment to a persons body, that person will believe it and find a way to change it. Doubtless, the cosmetic surgery would be the effective and fast way to solve the dissatisfaction. (Woinarowicz, 2007) However, they do not realize that their body will grow and change in a couple years. Then, it is not necessary to get the cosmetic surgery as the factor of surgery had disappeared. So, the teenagers should not be allowed to undergo cosmetic surgery as they would not get the result they wanted if they are aiming perfection. The costs of cosmetic surgery are substantial is the final reason why young teens should not be allowed to undergo the cosmetic surgery. The large bill that results from cosmetic surgery probably could not afford by the young teens since the health insurance rarely cover this surgery. If a teenager had a struggle paying for the first procedure, then he or she will probably not be able to pay for the procedures that will be needed in the future.ÂÂ   ( Woinarowicz, 2007) In other hand, the money should spend for other important cases such as education instead of cosmetic surgery that cost thousands of dollars. The cosmetic surgery is not the only way to improve quality of life. Therefore, the teenagers should not to seek the cosmetic surgery as they are not financially stable. However, there are still groups of people who are think that the cosmetic surgery should be allowed for teens. The common argument is that the cosmetic surgery can improve physical characteristics. The intention of teens to get cosmetic surgery probably due to peer pressure. They want to be seen differently by their peers or just want to fit in. Cosmetic surgery as a self-esteem lift. They can achieve gain in confidence when they improve their physical characteristics by undergoing a cosmetic surgery. ( Patriot-News, 2009 ) Besides, the cosmetic surgery also can help to reduce depression. According to a study by ASPS, a significant number of patients stopped taking antidepressant medication after getting cosmetic surgery. ( Nauert, 2006 ) It is because the surgery can help patients be more happier by taking control over something that has truly bothered them. In actual fact, although the cosmetic surgery may really can improve their physical characteristics, most of the teens are undergoing the surgery with wrong reason. Cosmetic surgery is not a only way to fit into their peers. In contrast, the surgery may lead to further emotional scars because the teens will grow and wonders if the surgery was a wise option. Furthermore, the short-term benefits of cosmetic surgery also may decrease over time. It may due to common complications of surgery, weigh gain, or even aging. (Zuckerman and Abraham, 2008 ) The surgery also contain a lot of risks that the teenagers do not know. Parent have the responsibility to advise their teens as look are not everything. The young teens should learn to accept theirselves which is valuable, especially when it can prevent the teens to get the cosmetic surgery that cost thousands of dollars. Opponents also argue that the cosmetic surgery is a reasonable action to teenagers as it is a way to avoid bullying. Bullying is a new trend in the lives of teenagers. In an attempt to solve this trend, there have non-profit organization such as Little Baby Face Foundation that aims to help the teens who born with facial deformities by providing free surgery. ( Diller, 2012 ) By getting the surgery, the teens obviously benefit from it. It is because the surgery can improve their social success and also improve their quality of life. Then, the teens could having their life much more happier and easier and get their newfound confidence from it. Although the cosmetic surgery may beneficial for certain teens, the bullying still can be tackled via other ways. It is more important to teach the skills that can combat the bullying rather than undergo cosmetic surgery. Parent play an important role in this problem. They should educate children admire and embrace difference since they were young so that the trend of bullying can be reduce. Besides that, teens also should be know that the confidence should to come from within as inside important than appearance. ( Discovery Institute, 2011 ) Moreover, the teens who get the surgery also more likely to being bully. It is because the bullying is a fact and there have no guarantee it will end with surgery. They still have the probability of make fun or tease by their peers as the reason that being the target of bullying is not based on legitimate reason. So, going under the knife could not really stop the living nightmare of bullying. Therefore, the cosmetic surgery is not a reasonable action for young teens who want to combat bullying. The opponents also argue that the cosmetic surgery could effectively reduce the problems of psychological disorder in particularly Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD). Body dysmorphic disorder is a condition that involves obsessions, which are distressing thoughts that repeatedly intrude into a persons awareness.'( Lyness, 2010 ) The surgery could correct flawed appearance of young teens so that they would not feel depression on their look. The study of TeensHealth show that many people with BDD may consider or attempt suicide due to depress on their look. In addition, the obsessions that due to BDD can interfere the life of teens. For instance, the teens might spent a lot of money and time to make up to cover the problem. The life of teenagers would be transformed after they get the surgery as they could gain confidence from it. However, the cosmetic surgery would not improve the BDD as the condition of obsessive still present. So, the teens who have BDD will not be satisfied with the outcome of surgery even everything looks great. ( Lukash, 2010 ) Then, the patient often will request another surgery but is less likely to feel satisfied with the result . It is because they are too obsessed with a flaw that they convinced. Consequently, they will have more and more surgery that are not able to help them relief from it. So, the cosmetic surgery could not address the BDD but can be treated by an mental health professional. The treatment that given by the professional can helps to correct the pattern that causing BDD so that the person can fully enjoy their life as the BDD truly interfere them. All in all, the costly and risky cosmetic surgery should not be undergo by teenagers as they are incomplete physical, incomplete psychology, and the large bill of surgery can be the financial burden of them. In addition to that, parent should take a more serious view on this matter and take over the responsibility of educate their teens since they are young so that the surgeries that done on teens can be decreased. In conclusion, the teenagers should not be allowed to undergo the cosmetic surgery if the teens do not have serious problem that can interfere their daily activities. It is due to the teenagers are too young and cannot made a rational decisions for themselves. Therefore, in order to decrease the cosmetic surgeries that done on young teens, the related department should strengthen the laws as it approve the teens get cosmetic surgery before they are both mature in physical and psychology. Besides, the cosmetic surgeon also should ensure the patient is fully understand the risks and limitation of surgery so that the cosmetic surgery performed on the patient can be beneficial. All in all, the cosmetic surgery should not be done on teenagers who at young age. (2,136 words)

turbo units :: essays research papers

How The Turbo Unit Works The Compressor Side To keep it brief and simple, a turbo unit compresses the intake of the engine by means of a fan. Essentially, the fan pulls in air on one side and then it pushes it out the other (see diagram A, here it's referred to as the compressor wheel). A fan performs the function of moving air; however we are still left with the task of compressing the air. In order to compress the air; we must then contain it within an enclosed space (this is the compressor housing). Once the intake is compressed it gets sent out to the engine. This process of compression is what's technically referred to as "boost". When one is running more "boost" this person is essentially running more compressed air out of his turbo unit. This is usually related to the size of the unit itself. However, certain factors can limit the degree to which boost varies with the size of the unit. As this gets too technical within the scope of the article, I will leave it to a later discussion. The Turbine Side So far we understand how the compressor side allows for more air to flow into the engine, but we must now understand what it is that makes the compressor wheel turn fast enough to create the boost in the first place. In turn, we are brought into the turbine side. A turbine is a term used to describe a fan like object that gets propelled by the flow of air, water or steam. In a hydroelectric power plant, the Turbine is propelled by the flow of water which then turns a generator. Within the scope of the turbo charger, the turbine is propelled by the flow of exhaust gases that come out of the engine. So the more exhaust that flows out of the engine, the faster the turbine will turn. Again, like the intake side, pressure can only be created if the flow of air is kept within an enclosed space; for this reason, we have the turbine housing. Ups and Downs of Turbo Chargers While the turbo unit does provide ample cranking power, it is very dependant on the reciprocating process which I described earlier. This implies that we must somehow power the unit before it begins to give us anything in return. So its one of those deals where you got to give it something before it gives you anything in return.

Welcome to the Underground :: Free Essay Writer

Welcome to the Underground While America sleeps safely at night, safe and secure in their world, there is another world taking place, a menacing and wild world. Right beneath their noses, taking place in their super markets, in empty warehouses, abandoned buildings, parks, and at roller skating rinks. Many will never know or hear about this world, for it may be safer not to know. For if one knows, he may be tempted to want to experience this world. Just indulging one night has been known to alter many lives. For once you go to the underground, there is no turning back. We walked towards the castle, drawn like magnets, already sensing the buzz of activity that lay inside. My friends were overly excited from the many energy drinks they had consumed earlier, so as to give them ultimate performance. My friend explained to me that a man named John Bishop built this castle single handedly, with little help from his family in 1963 and that every year he would add something new to it. It was nestled in the foothills of Pueblo, Colorado. As we walked closer the butterflies in my stomach flapped faster and more vigorously. The moon was shining brightly over our heads; the time about midnight, and still our journey had just begun. There were people frolicking everywhere; people of all ages, mostly teenagers though. They were dancing, hugging each other and running around zestfully. Most were dressed in Baggy jeans. One girl wearing a see-through plastic skirt with her pink daisy underwear displayed for all to view. Others had on doctor's masks, were carrying glow sticks, and some even had pacifiers in their. I looked at myself, jeans and a T-shirt. "I don't think I'm dressed right." I whispered to my friend, a so-called Rave expert. "Don't worry babe, nobody is going to care." He replied. Everyone seemed to know everyone else, except for myself. I knew no one. We were now nearing the entrance to the castle, each grasping our tickets as if they were the golden ticket in Willy Wonka. I handed my ticket to the doorman, which was exchanged for a half hearted pat down by the security guard. I stepped into the world of the rave.

Rene Descartes Essay

Rene Descartes is one of the most influential thinkers in the history of modern Western philosophy. Not only did he contribute significantly in the area of mathematics and physics, but he also created a systematic approach to philosophy that is still followed today. During his time, he rejected much of the Aristotelian traditions of the medieval age and took philosophy in a new direction, attempting to integrate it with the sciences that were just beginning to come into their own. He also contributed to the theological discussion by studying the nature of God cosmologically and ontologically in his work Meditations. When one first reads Meditations on the First Philosophy: In Which the Existence of God and the Distinction Between Mind and Body are Demonstrated by Descartes, being aware of his reputation for being the â€Å"Father of Modern Philosophy,† and his claim to have arrived at a method of gaining knowledge about the world which had the same kind of certainty as knowledge of mathematics, they may be initially disappointed because of his refusal to completely abandon religious thought in favor of humanist ideology. In the Preface to Meditations Descartes states his aim is to explain the nature of the human soul and demonstrate the existence of God. To demonstrate the latter, Descartes presents multiple proofs of God’s existence, the cosmological and the ontological arguments. Descartes cosmological argument as to the existence of God first comes to light in the third part of Meditations and begins and ends with the existence of God as the initial cause of everything, including human reason capable of ideation of different realities. Following his maxim â€Å"Cogito ergo sum,† which translates into â€Å"I think, therefore I am,† Descartes begins with himself as existing, with existence perfect, and his existence caused by something. According to Descartes: â€Å"In order that an idea may contain this objective reality rather than that, it must doubtless derive it from some cause in which is found at least as much formal reality as the idea contains of objective; for, if we suppose that there is found in an idea anything which was not in its cause, it must of course derive this from nothing† (Med.  III, par. 14). Though Descartes can know himself, and he can know of perfection, even believing himself to be perfect, he is not perfect and could not be the cause of himself. To him, only God as a perfect being can truly possess infinite knowledge of perfection. As he states: â€Å"Although my knowledge increase more and more, nevertheless I am not, therefore, induced to think that it will ever be actually infinite, since it can never reach that point beyond which it shall be incapable of further increase† (Med. III, par. 27). As his knowledge of perfection is limited, and God is perfect, his idea that God is perfect is only possible if God preceded the idea and made it possible. Descartes follows causation from his existence back through the reasons for it, from his parents, to their parents, and so on, finally concluding that at the beginning there must be God, as only nothing can come from nothing. While Descartes’ cosmological proof that God exists relies on causality for its foundation, in part five of Meditations he also provides ontological proof to back it up. Descartes’ ontological argument takes a markedly different approach than his cosmological proof of God’s existence. Descartes’ ontological argument begins with his idea of God as being a perfect being of infinite substance as put forth in the third part of Meditations: â€Å"the idea by which I conceive a God [sovereign], eternal, infinite, [immutable], all-knowing, all-powerful, and the creator of all things that are out of himself, this, I say, has certainly in it more objective reality than those ideas by which finite substances are represented† (Med.  III, par. 13). To Descartes, objective reality is more perfect than ideas about reality, and because his idea of God is that He is a perfect being that nothing more perfect can possibly be imagined, he must be more real than any of his nonexistent thoughts. In essence, Descartes logical argument for his ontological proof of God’s existence is that he can experience the idea of God as a the most perfect being, existence is part of God’s essence and His existence is more perfect than human thoughts about it, so therefore God exists in reality as the most perfect being: â€Å"because I cannot conceive God unless as existing, it follows that existence is inseparable from him, and therefore that he really exists†¦the necessity of the existence of God, determines me to think in this way: for it is not in my power to conceive a God without existence, that is, a being supremely perfect, and yet devoid of an absolute perfection† (Med. V, par. 10). As the essence of Descartes’ idea of God is existence, much as having three sides is the essence of a triangle, God exists. While Descartes presupposes the perfection of existence and the idea that God is the most perfect being, his ontological argument fails to provide the sound reasoning as his cosmological one and speaks more of his Catholic assumptions than his intellectual emphasis on reason. Descartes arguments for the existence of God are born from equal parts philosophy and religion. While this could largely be explained by Descartes’ Catholicism, it might be equal parts of his realization that any potential thought that contradicted the Church would be met with punishment. The Mediations were published just a few years after Galileo was accused of heresy during the Inquisition for supporting the Copernican view of the solar system, in which the earth revolved around the sun, rather than the Ptolemaic view, in which the sun moves around the earth. Descartes even makes reference to his treatise on natural sciences in Part 5 of the Discourse, but in Part 6 specifically says he decided not publish it because of the condemnation of Galileo. With emphasis on proving the existence of God, Descartes assured himself protection from such persecution imposed on Galileo and other scientists and philosophers considered heretical, but also presented two arguments for it of varied questionability. The cosmological argument put forth by Descartes has far more credibility philosophically than his ontological argument. While a Catholic philosopher trying to prove the existence of God, it is impossible to expect atheistic indifference concerning the subject, but the ontological proof requires far more faith than the cosmological argument, which relies more on reason. The cosmological argument, rather than presupposing the perfection of existence and therefore the perfection of God as a perfect being that exists, questions the causality that brought Descartes to the point of even being able to question the existence of God in the first place. Through reason, he is able to deduce that there must be a cause for his thought, his life, his parents, the world, and all of existence, and seeks to trace the origins back to the beginning. While scientists and philosophers today would trace it back to the big bang or a cyclical theory of existence, Descartes only had knowledge of God to explain the origins of existence. The cosmological argument is one that had origins long before Descartes and continued to be posed long after him. Descartes ontological argument is far less convincing than his cosmological argument. He asks that too many presuppositions be made to justify accepting the existence of God. Instead of following with a line of thought that establishes human reason as the unshakable foundation of existence, Descartes asserts that a good God could not possibly deceive, and that therefore humans could confidently accept all the perceptions which the method of doubt had just led humans, including Descartes, to challenge. This begs the question that if the arguments for the existence of God are not valid, than will the whole system collapse? It also asks that existence be considered perfect, though provides little justification for this claim, while contradictorily offering gradations of perfection as a thing in itself. The cosmological question that examines the causality of existence and leads to the proof of God is far more convincing than the ontological argument that lacks its scientific and philosophical reasoning. For Descartes, God is the justification for accepting the evidence of human senses. But in practice very few people ever doubt the evidence of their senses. Even though reality can be warped by senses, which can often mislead, it is only discovered when reflecting on other evidence from the senses. By using his reason to argue for the existence of God, Descartes showed that faith needed not be the only tool used in the matter. His cosmological argument is far stronger than his ontological one, for the universe and everything in it must have started somehow, whether God or a prime mover. The ontological argument that proves the existence of God merely because humans can conceive of Him is not as strong, because the richness of imagination can create countless things that are not real outside of the mind. Even in recent years, as scientific discovery uncovers the Big Bang billions of years ago, Descartes’ cosmological argument still holds up, as God may have been the initial cause for the bang and all that followed.

Les Demoiselles D’avignon Essay

My museum paper is on the Les Demoiselles d’Avignon, painted by Pablo Picasso in Paris, June-July 1907. Oil on canvas, 8’x7’ 8† (243.9Ãâ€"233.7cm). He became one of the greatest and most influential artists of the 20th century and the creator (with Georges Braque) of Cubism. A Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, and stage designer, Picasso was considered radical in his work. Born October 25, 1881, Malaga, Spain, and after a long prolific career, he died April 8, 1973 in Mougins, France. This was my first time at the Museum of Modern Art; I never went there because I never had everyone to go with me. I went with my cousin; she is an art teacher and who better to go to the Museum of Modern Art with then an art teacher. When we first got to the museum there wasn’t much to see in the lobby. We went on the escalator to the fifth floor were hundreds of people walking all thought-out the galleries. My cousin explained all the different types of art and artists to me as we were walking though the galleries. I ended up in the Alfred H. Barr Jr. Painting and Sculpture Galleries where I seen a painting from a French painter, Fernand Leger called â€Å"Women with a Book† I thought that was the painting that I wanted to do my report on, but when I seen art work from Pablo Picasso like, The Studio, Ma Jolie and The Three Musician I was speechless. Some of his work that I seen at the museum was breathtaking, but one in particular caught my eye; it was the Les Demoise lles d’Avignon. It is located in the Blanchette Hooker Rockefeller, Second Gallery. As you walk into the gallery, the â€Å"Les Demoiselles d’Avignon† is the first painting you see, because of how large it is, and all the bright colors in the art work. When I seen the Les Demoiselles d’Avignon in my art book I through that it was a nice painting, but when I stood right in-front of it I was astonish. The Les Demoiselles d’Avignon is not just a painting; it truly is a master piece. There had to be about thirty people standing around the Les Demoiselles d’Avignon and another twenty people looking at the other art work in the room. Some people were just standing looking at the painting, some taking pictures. As I, started taking pictures of Les Demoiselles d’Avignon I couldn’t help but notice the painting to the right, it was called â€Å"Repose† and to the left was another painting called the â€Å"Two Nudes† both are painted by Picasso. Les Demoiselles d’Avignon are the woman of Avignon, the term demoiselles (meaning â€Å"young ladies†), was a euphemism for prostitutes and â€Å"Avignon† refers not to the French town but to a street in the red-light district of the city of Barcelona where Picasso was a young artist. (Art A Brief History), pg 532. Print. The d’Avignon are actually five prostitutes, and these are five women naked. They’re looking at us, as much as we’re looking at them. The very early studies show a sailor walking into this curtained room where the ladies stand and the woman on the far left now has the traces of having been that man entering the room, and you can even feel a certain masculinity in the sort of sculptural carving of her body and the way that the very large foot is stepping toward the others. It almost seem like it’s a build-up of geometric forms, and if you look at the chest of the woman at the very top right, you can see one of these cubes making up the space underneath her chin, thus the name Cubism. One striking aspect of this painting is the way that it’s staged on which these women are painted, is almost looming out at the viewer. Rather than feeling like these woman are nice and safely set back in some kind of room, that you are peering into. I feel like the woman are almost piled on top of each other. Piled in such a way that the canvas is almost stepping out at the viewer. Its part of the desire of the painting to confront you, I think physically, psychologically, as well as intellectually with everything that’s going on in it. It’s painted in pinkish, peach flesh skin tones against a back drop of brown, white and blue curtains. The figures are very flat and theirs is little illusion that these are real bodies. Looking at the five figu res from left to right, the woman to the far left is standing in profile facing right with her left hand; she reaches up behind her head to hold an orange brown curtain back. She has long straight black hair falling down her back. Her head, from the neck up peers to be in shadow or sun-tan, it’s a darker brown than the pinkish flesh of her body. She stares straight ahead expressionless. Her right eye from the front view is large, simplified and out-lined in black with a black pupil surrounded by brown. Her right arm hangs stiffly by her side. Her breast jets forward in a ruff square shape. Beside this figure, in the center of this painting are two women looking directly forward, straight out of the canvas. Their black eyes are wide and uneven. Their left eye brows extend a sweeping line to form simplify noses. Their mouths are straight lines. The one on the left raises her bent right elbow and places her hand behind her head, as if posing seductively. Her black hair is pulled back and falls behind her left shoulder. Her breasts are half circles; none of the women’s breast has nipples. The women on the right, raises both arms and puts both hands behind her hand. Her dark brown hair is pulled into a high bun. The last two figures don’t fit in with the painting, they are unexpected. The one to the top right stands back, her raised arms parting the blue curtain on which she’s coming out from. Her black hair hangs down her back; one eye socket black and empty. Her nose, like her face is large and elongated, striped diagonally in green across her cheek, suggesting less the face of a human then the forms of an African mask. In front of her, is another woman she is sitting or squatting, elbow on one raised knee which jets forward at the center of the painting almost looks as if her back is facing the viewer, but that is not true because her dark tan face is turned towards the viewer. She raises her arm to her face and beneath her chin is a large ambiguous form recalling a boomerang, it might be her hand, or a piece of melon she’s eating. Her body is flat and her nose is also stripped. Her face looks like a mask, and she has one uneven eye completely white, the other completely blue. The drapery behind them doesn’t hang softly; it looks like shatter pieces of glass with blue and white tones. In the center at the bottom of the painting are assorted fruits on a wrinkle white cloth; a pear, an apple, grapes and a slice of melon. The pear and apple have shrieks of red in them, the melon is reddish too and the grapes are grayish white. In conclusion, my experience at the Museum of Modern Art was delightful. Walking through the museum and seeing ancient statues and painting from so many different decades was so fulfilling. I didn’t realize how much I enjoy looking at art work; I just wanted to see more and more. I kept asking myself, how did they do this? How did they do that? What were they thinking when they paint this? Even though I didn’t get all my answers I was like a sponge, soaking it all up. What a wonderful, amazing day. I will definitely go back. Bibliography: Cothren Michael W., and Marilyn Stokstad. Art: A Brief History 4th ed. Page.531, 19-7. Acquired through the Lillie P. Bliss Bequest (333.1939) Laurence King Publishing Ltd, London. (2010-2007) Print. Museum of Modern Art 11 West 53 Street, New York, NY 10019. April 29, 2012 Pablo Picasso. Les Demoiselles d’Avignon. 1907. Oil on canvas, 8†² x 7†² 8†³ (243.9 x 233.7 cm). Acquired through the Lillie P. Bliss Bequest.  © 2003 Estate of Pablo Picasso/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York. http://www.moma.org/ Web. (2012).